Zhang Junmai (Carsun Chang, 1887—1969) Zhang Junmai (Chang Chun-mai), also known as Carsun Chang, was an important twentieth-century Chinese thinker and a representative of modern Chinese philosophy. Zhang’s participation in “The Debate between Metaphysicians and Scientists” of 1923, in which he defended his Neo-Confucian views against those of Chinese progressives and scientists, made a strong philosophical impression on an entire generation of Chinese intellectuals by

Problèmes Gettier Les problèmes ou cas Gettier sont nommés en l'honneur du philosophe américain Edmund Gettier, qui les a découverts en 1963. Ils fonctionnent comme un défi à la tradition philosophique consistant à définir la connaissance d'une proposition comme une véritable croyance justifiée en cette proposition.. Les problèmes sont des situations réelles ou possibles dans lesquelles quelqu'un a une croyance à la fois vraie et bien étayée par des preuves., encore

Diogenes of Apollonia (5th cn. avant notre ère) Diogenes of Apollonia is often considered to be the last of the Presocratic Greek philosophers, although it is more than likely that Democritus was still active after the death of Diogenes. Diogenes’ main importance in the history of philosophy is that he synthesized the earlier Ionic monism of Anaximenes and Heraclitus with the pluralism of Empedocles and Anaxagoras. Diogenes serves as a sort

Adolf Lindenbaum photo by permission of the Archives of the University of Warsaw Adolf Lindenbaum was a Polish mathematician and logician who worked in topology, set theory, metalogic, general metamathematics and the foundations of mathematics. He represented an attitude typical of the Polish Mathematical School, consisting of using all admissible methods, independently of whether they were finitary. Par exemple, the axiom of choice was freely

Omnipotence L'omnipotence est la propriété d'être tout-puissant; c'est l'un des attributs divins traditionnels dans les conceptions occidentales de Dieu. Cette notion d'être tout-puissant est souvent considérée comme incohérente car un être qui a le pouvoir de tout faire, par exemple, avoir le pouvoir de dessiner un carré rond. Toutefois, il est absurde de supposer qu'un être, peu importe la puissance,

Game Theory This article sketches the basic concepts of the theory of games in order to discuss some of their philosophical implications and problems. Consider the following situation: when two hunters set out to hunt a stag and lose track of each other in the process, each hunter has to make a decision. Either she continues according to plan, hoping that her partner does likewise