Gottfried Leibniz: Causation The views of Leibniz (1646-1716) on causation must stand as some of the more interesting in the history of philosophy, for he consistently denied that there is any genuine causal interaction between finite substances. And yet from another perspective, he sought to integrate both old and new causal taxonomies: D'un côté, Leibniz put forth a theory of causation that would accommodate

Square of Opposition The square of opposition is a chart that was introduced within classical (categorical) logic to represent the logical relationships holding between certain propositions in virtue of their form. The square, traditionally conceived, looks like this: The four corners of this chart represent the four basic forms of propositions recognized in classical logic: A propositions, or universal affirmatives take the form: All S

Adolf Lindenbaum photo by permission of the Archives of the University of Warsaw Adolf Lindenbaum was a Polish mathematician and logician who worked in topology, set theory, metalogic, general metamathematics and the foundations of mathematics. He represented an attitude typical of the Polish Mathematical School, consisting of using all admissible methods, independently of whether they were finitary. Par exemple, the axiom of choice was freely

Validity and Soundness A deductive argument is said to be valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. Sinon, a deductive argument is said to be invalid. A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is both valid, and all of its premises are actually

Nominalisme mathématique Le nominalisme mathématique peut être décrit comme l'idée selon laquelle les entités mathématiques – les entités telles que les nombres, ensembles, fonctions, et les groupes – n'existent pas. Toutefois, indiquant que la vue nécessite une certaine prudence. Bien que le point de vue opposé (que les objets mathématiques existent) peut sembler une affirmation métaphysique quelque peu exotique, il est généralement motivé par l'idée que les objets mathématiques doivent exister pour que des affirmations mathématiques soient possibles.

Dites bonjour à Wiredu (1931— ) Kwasi Wiredu is a philosopher from Ghana, who has for decades been involved with a project he terms “conceptual decolonization” in contemporary African systems of thought. By conceptual decolonization, Wiredu advocates a re-examination of current African epistemic formations in order to accomplish two aims. D'abord, he wishes to subvert unsavory aspects of tribal culture embedded in modern African thought so as to