Jules Henri Poincaré (1854—1912) Poincaré was an influential French philosopher of science and mathematics, as well as a distinguished scientist and mathematician. In the foundations of mathematics he argued for conventionalism, against formalism, against logicism, and against Cantor’s treating his new infinite sets as being independent of human thinking. Poincaré stressed the essential role of intuition in a proper constructive foundation for mathematics. He believed

Neo-Platonism Neo-platonism (or Neoplatonism) is a modern term used to designate the period of Platonic philosophy beginning with the work of Plotinus and ending with the closing of the Platonic Academy by the Emperor Justinian in 529 C.E. This brand of Platonism, which is often described as ‘mystical’ or religious in nature, developed outside the mainstream of Academic Platonism. The origins of Neoplatonism can be

Vladimir Solovyov (1853—1900) Solovyov was a 19th Century Russian Philosopher. He is considered a prolific but complicated character. His output aimed to be a comprehensive philosophical system, yet he produced what is considered contentious, theosophical and fundamentally inconclusive results. This article examines in detail Slovyov’s five main works. It also looks into the controversy he generated and his possible philosophical legacy. In the course of

Former Staff Thank you to: Area Editors Joseph Agassi (Philosophy of Science) James R. Beebe (Epistemology) David Boersema (American Philosophy) Curtis Bowman (19th Century Philosophy) Douglas Burnham (19th Century European) Jon Cogburn (Philosophy of Mind) Roy Cook (Mathematics) Joel Dittmer (Value Theory) James Dunson (19th Century German) Shawn Floyd (Medieval Philosophy) Valentin Goranko (Logic) John-Stewart Gordon (Ethics and Bioethics) Peter Gratton (Indigenous World Philosophy) Jeff

Robert Nozick: Political Philosophy  Although Robert Nozick did not consider himself to be primarily a political philosopher, he is best known for his contributions to it. Undoubtedly, Nozick’s work in epistemology and metaphysics (especially with respect to free will and the “closest continuer” theory of personal identity) has had a significant impact on those fields. However, it was the publication of his first book, Anarchy,