Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908—1961) Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s work is commonly associated with the philosophical movement called existentialism and its intention to begin with an analysis of the concrete experiences, percezioni, and difficulties, of human existence. Tuttavia, he never propounded quite the same extreme accounts of radical freedom, being-towards-death, anguished responsibility, and conflicting relations with others, for which existentialism became both famous and notorious in the 1940s and

Comparative Philosophy Comparative philosophy—sometimes called “cross-cultural philosophy”—is a subfield of philosophy in which philosophers work on problems by intentionally setting into dialogue various sources from across cultural, linguistic, and philosophical streams. The ambition and challenge of comparative philosophy is to include all the philosophies of global humanity in its vision of what is constituted by philosophy. This approach distinguishes comparative philosophy from several other approaches

Teorie della spiegazione All'interno della filosofia della scienza ci sono state idee contrastanti su cosa sia una spiegazione. Storicamente, la spiegazione è stata associata alla causalità: spiegare un evento o un fenomeno significa identificarne la causa. Ma con la crescita e lo sviluppo della filosofia della scienza nel XX secolo, il concetto di spiegazione cominciò a ricevere un'analisi più rigorosa e specifica. Di particolare preoccupazione

Wang Yangming (1472—1529) Wang Yangming, also known as Wang Shouren (Wang Shou-jen), is one of the most influential philosophers in the Confucian tradition. He is best known for his theory of the unity of knowledge and action. A capable and principled administrator and military official, he was exiled from 1507 to 1510 for his protest against political corruption. Although he studied the thought of Zhu

The Brain in a Vat Argument The Brain in a Vat thought-experiment is most commonly used to illustrate global or Cartesian skepticism. You are told to imagine the possibility that at this very moment you are actually a brain hooked up to a sophisticated computer program that can perfectly simulate experiences of the outside world. Here is the skeptical argument. If you cannot now be

Sopravvenienza e determinazione Il termine “sopravvenienza” ha guadagnato importanza nel ventesimo secolo quando è stato suggerito che le proprietà morali sopravvengono alle proprietà naturali e che le nostre caratteristiche mentali sopravvengono alle nostre caratteristiche fisiche come le proprietà del nostro sistema nervoso.. Il termine può essere definito come segue. Per due insiemi di proprietà, UN (l'insieme sopravveniente) e B (l’insieme subveniente o base di sopravvenienza),