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Deductive and Inductive Arguments In philosophy, an argument consists of a set of statements called premises that serve as grounds for affirming another statement called the conclusion. Philosophers typically distinguish arguments in natural languages (comme l'anglais) into two fundamentally different types: deductive and inductive. Each type of argument is said to have characteristics that categorically distinguish it from the other type. The two types
Roderick M. Chisholm: Epistemology Roderick M. Chisholm, a luminary of 20th century philosophy, is best known for his contributions in epistemology and metaphysics. His groundbreaking theory of knowledge opened the door to the late 20th and early 21st century work on the analysis of knowledge, scepticisme, foundationalism, internalism, the ethics of beliefs, and evidentialism, to name just a few topics. Chisholm’s analysis of knowledge was
Anselme: Ontological Argument for God’s Existence One of the most fascinating arguments for the existence of an all-perfect God is the ontological argument. While there are several different versions of the argument, all purport to show that it is self-contradictory to deny that there exists a greatest possible being. Ainsi, on this general line of argument, it is a necessary truth that such a being
Philosophie de la maladie mentale La philosophie de la maladie mentale est un domaine d'étude interdisciplinaire qui combine les points de vue et les méthodes de la philosophie de l'esprit., psychologie, neurosciences, et philosophie morale afin d'analyser la nature de la maladie mentale. Les philosophes de la maladie mentale s’intéressent à l’examen des aspects ontologiques, épistémologique, et les questions normatives découlant de diverses conceptions de la maladie mentale. Questions centrales au sein de la philosophie
Olympe de Gouges (1748—1793) “Woman has the right to mount the scaffold; she must equally have the right to mount the rostrum” wrote Olympe de Gouges in 1791 in the best known of her writings The Rights of Woman (often referenced as The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen), two years before she would be the third woman beheaded during France’s
John Rawls (1921—2002) John Rawls was arguably the most important political philosopher of the twentieth century. He wrote a series of highly influential articles in the 1950s and ’60s that helped refocus Anglo-American moral and political philosophy on substantive problems about what we ought to do. Son premier livre, Une théorie de la justice [TJ] (1971), revitalized the social-contract tradition, using it to articulate and defend