William David Ross (1877—1971) Sir William David Ross was a British philosopher, college administrator, WW I veteran, civil servant, and humanities scholar best known for his important contributions to moral philosophy and the study of classical literature. In the field of classical studies, in addition to shorter works on Plato and Aristotle, his major triumph was his editorship of the Oxford English translations of Aristotle’s

Benoît de Spinoza: Metaphysics Baruch (ou, in Latin, Benedict) de Spinoza (1632-1677) was one of the most important rationalist philosophers in the early modern period, along with Descartes, Leibniz, et Malebranche. Spinoza is also the most influential “atheist” in Europe during this period. “Atheist” at the time meant someone who rejects the traditional Biblical views concerning God and his relation to nature. In his most

Philo of Alexandria (c. 20 B.C.E.—40 C.E.) Philo of Alexandria, a Hellenized Jew also called Judaeus Philo, is a figure that spans two cultures, the Greek and the Hebrew. When Hebrew mythical thought met Greek philosophical thought in the first century B.C.E. it was only natural that someone would try to develop speculative and philosophical justification for Judaism in terms of Greek philosophy. Thus Philo

Le Platonisme moyen La période désignée par les historiens de la philosophie comme le « Platonisme moyen » commence avec Antiochus d'Ascalon. (Californie. 130-68 avant notre ère) et se termine par Plotin (204-70 de notre ère), qui est considéré comme le fondateur du néoplatonisme. Les philosophes du Platon moyen ont hérité des problèmes exégétiques et spéculatifs de l’Ancienne Académie., établi par Platon et continué par ses successeurs Speusippus (Californie. 407-339 avant notre ère), Xénocrate (Californie. 396-314 avant notre ère) ,

Edmond Husserl (1859—1938) Although not the first to coin the term, it is uncontroversial to suggest that the German philosopher, Edmond Husserl (1859-1938), is the “father” of the philosophical movement known as phenomenology. Phenomenology can be roughly described as the sustained attempt to describe experiences (and the “things themselves”) without metaphysical and theoretical speculations. Husserl suggested that only by suspending or bracketing away the “natural