Willard Van Orman Quine: Philosophie des sciences W. V. Ô. Quine (1908-2000) n'a pas conçu la philosophie comme une activité distincte du domaine général de la science empirique. Son intérêt pour la science n'est pas mieux décrit comme une philosophie des sciences mais comme un ensemble de réflexions sur la nature de la science qui sont poursuivies avec le même esprit empirique qui anime la recherche scientifique.. Quine

Toleration The heart of tolerance is self-control. When we tolerate an activity, we resist our urge to forcefully prohibit the expression of activities that we find unpleasant. More abstractly, toleration can be understood as a political practice aiming at neutrality, objectivity, or fairness on the part of political agents. These ideas are related in that the goal of political neutrality is deliberate restraint of the power

Artistic Medium Artistic medium is an art critical concept that first arose in 18th century European discourse about art. Medium analysis has historically attempted to identify that out of which works of art and, more generally, art forms are created, in order to better articulate norms or standards by which works of art and art forms can be evaluated. Since the 19th century, medium analysis has

Music and Social Justice Protests demanding social justice as the alternative to an unacceptable status quo have been mounted in response to war, political and social inequality, pauvreté, and other constraints on economic and development opportunities. Although social justice is typically thought of as a political agenda, many justice movements have used music as a way of inviting and maintaining broad-based participation in their initiatives.

Constructive Mathematics Constructive mathematics is positively characterized by the requirement that proof be algorithmic. En gros, this means that when a (mathematical) object is asserted to exist, an explicit example is given: a constructive existence proof demonstrates the existence of a mathematical object by outlining a method of finding (“constructing”) such an object. The emphasis in constructive theory is placed on hands-on provability, au lieu de