Emmanuel Kant: Aesthetics Immanuel Kant is an 18th century German philosopher whose work initated dramatic changes in the fields of epistemology, métaphysique, éthique, esthétique, and teleology. Like many Enlightenment thinkers, he holds our mental faculty of reason in high esteem; he believes that it is our reason that invests the world we experience with structure. In his works on aesthetics and teleology, he argues that

Art and Epistemology The relationship between art and epistemology has been forever tenuous and fraught with much debate. It seems fairly obvious that we gain something meaningful from experiences and interactions with works of art. It does not seem so obvious whether or not the experiences we have with art can produce propositional knowledge that is constituted by true justified belief. In what follows I

Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (1929— ) Alasdair MacIntyre is a Scottish born, British educated, moral and political philosopher who has worked in the United States since 1970. His work in ethics and politics reaches across disciplines, drawing on sociology and philosophy of the social sciences as well as Greek and Latin classical literature. MacIntyre began his career as a Marxist, but in the late 1950s, il

Meaning and Communication Communication is crucial for us as human beings. Much of what we know or believe we learn through hearing or seeing what others say or express, and part of what makes us human is our desire to communicate our thoughts and feelings to others. A core part of our communicative activity concerns linguistic communication, where we use the words and sentences of

g. E. M. Anscombe (1919-2001) Elizabeth Anscombe, ou Miss Anscombe comme on l'appelait, était une philosophe importante du XXe siècle et l'une des femmes philosophes les plus importantes de tous les temps. Un catholique engagé, et traducteur de certaines des œuvres les plus importantes de Ludwig Wittgenstein, elle était une penseuse influente et originale dans la tradition catholique et la manière wittgensteinienne. Même si elle a travaillé dans presque tous les

Certitude L'article suivant donne un aperçu du débat philosophique autour de la certitude. Il le fait à la lumière des distinctions qui peuvent être établies entre les objectifs, psychologique, et certitude épistémique. La certitude consiste en un statut cognitif précieux, qui est souvent considéré comme un idéal. Il est en effet naturel d’évaluer des niveaux cognitifs inférieurs, en particulier les croyances et opinions, à la lumière de nos intuitions sur ce que