Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds Solipsism is sometimes expressed as the view that “I am the only mind which exists,” or “My mental states are the only mental states.” However, the sole survivor of a nuclear holocaust might truly come to believe in either of these propositions without thereby being a solipsist. Solipsism is therefore more properly regarded as the doctrine that, en principe, “existence” means for

Leibniz: Logique Les idées révolutionnaires de Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) sur la logique ont été développés par lui entre 1670 et 1690. Les idées peuvent être divisées en quatre domaines: le syllogisme, le calcul universel, Logique propositionnelle, et logique modale. Ces idées révolutionnaires restèrent cachées dans les archives de la Bibliothèque royale de Hanovre jusqu'en 1903, date à laquelle le mathématicien français Louis Couturat publia les Opuscules et fragments inédits de Leibniz..

Soren Kierkegaard (1813—1855) Søren Kierkegaard is an outsider in the history of philosophy. His peculiar authorship comprises a baffling array of different narrative points of view and disciplinary subject matter, including aesthetic novels, works of psychology and Christian dogmatics, satirical prefaces, philosophical “scraps” and “postscripts,” literary reviews, edifying discourses, Christian polemics, and retrospective self-interpretations. His arsenal of rhetoric includes irony, satire, parody, humor, polemic and

Toleration The heart of tolerance is self-control. When we tolerate an activity, we resist our urge to forcefully prohibit the expression of activities that we find unpleasant. More abstractly, toleration can be understood as a political practice aiming at neutrality, objectivity, or fairness on the part of political agents. These ideas are related in that the goal of political neutrality is deliberate restraint of the power

Michel Foucault (1926–1984) Michel Foucault was a major figure in two successive waves of 20th century French thought–the structuralist wave of the 1960s and then the poststructuralist wave. By the premature end of his life, Foucault had some claim to be the most prominent living intellectual in France. Foucault’s work is transdisciplinary in nature, ranging across the concerns of the disciplines of history, sociologie, psychologie,

Moralité et sciences cognitives Que savons-nous de la façon dont les gens portent des jugements moraux? Et que devraient faire les philosophes moraux avec cette connaissance? Cet article aborde la science cognitive du jugement moral. Il passe en revue des découvertes empiriques importantes et discute de la manière dont les philosophes y ont réagi.. Plusieurs tendances ont dominé la science cognitive de la moralité au début du 21e siècle. L'un est un éloignement de