François Bacon (1561-1626) Monsieur Francis Bacon (plus tard Lord Verulam et le vicomte St. Albans) était un avocat anglais, homme d'État, essayiste, historien, réformateur intellectuel, philosophe, et champion de la science moderne. Au début de sa carrière, il a revendiqué « tout le savoir comme étant son domaine » et s'est ensuite consacré à une réévaluation et à une restructuration globale de l'apprentissage traditionnel.. Se substituer à la tradition établie (un mélange de scolastique,

Edmond Husserl: Intentionality and Intentional Content Edmund Husserl (1859—1938) was an influential thinker of the first half of the twentieth century. His philosophy was heavily influenced by the works of Franz Brentano and Bernard Bolzano, and was also influenced in various ways by interaction with contemporaries such as Alexius Meinong, Kasimir Twardowski, and Gottlob Frege. In his own right, Husserl is considered the founder of

Pejorative Language Some words can hurt. Slurs, insults, and swears can be highly offensive and derogatory. Some theorists hold that the derogatory capacity of a pejorative word or phrase is best explained by the content it expresses. In opposition to content theories, deflationism denies that there is any specifically derogatory content expressed by pejoratives. As noun phrases, ‘insult’ and ‘slur’ refer to symbolic vehicles designed

Religion and Politics The relation between religion and politics continues to be an important theme in political philosophy, despite the emergent consensus (both among political theorists and in practical political contexts, such as the United Nations) on the right to freedom of conscience and on the need for some sort of separation between church and state. One reason for the importance of this topic is

John Rawls (1921—2002) John Rawls was arguably the most important political philosopher of the twentieth century. He wrote a series of highly influential articles in the 1950s and ’60s that helped refocus Anglo-American moral and political philosophy on substantive problems about what we ought to do. Son premier livre, Une théorie de la justice [TJ] (1971), revitalized the social-contract tradition, using it to articulate and defend

Foi: Perspectives historiques traditionnellement, la foi et la raison ont chacune été considérées comme des sources de justification de la croyance religieuse. Parce que les deux peuvent prétendre remplir cette même fonction épistémique, la question de savoir comment les deux sont liés et donc comment l'agent rationnel devrait traiter les affirmations dérivées de l'une ou l'autre source a suscité beaucoup d'intérêt chez les philosophes et les théologiens.. Certains ont soutenu qu'il pouvait y avoir