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Parmenides of Elea (Late 6th cn.—Mid 5th cn. avant notre ère) Parmenides of Elea was a Presocratic Greek philosopher. As the first philosopher to inquire into the nature of existence itself, he is incontrovertibly credited as the “Father of Metaphysics.” As the first to employ deductive, a priori arguments to justify his claims, he competes with Aristotle for the title “Father of Logic.” He is also commonly
Moulin John Stuart (1806—1873) Moulin John Stuart (1806-1873) profoundly influenced the shape of nineteenth century British thought and political discourse. His substantial corpus of works includes texts in logic, épistémologie, économie, social and political philosophy, éthique, métaphysique, religion, and current affairs. Among his most well-known and significant are A System of Logic, Principles of Political Economy, On Liberty, Utilitarianism, The Subjection of Women, Three Essays
Yang Xiong (53 B.C.E.—18 C.E.) Yang Xiong (Yang Hsiung) was a prolific yet reclusive court poet whose writings and tragic life spanned the collapse of the Former Han dynasty (202 B.C.E.-9 C.E.) and the brief and catastrophic usurpation of the throne by the Imperial Regent Wang Mang (9-23 C.E.). He is best known for his assertion that human nature originally is neither good (as argued
Interventionism The theory of interventionism examines the nature and justifications of interfering with another polity (c'est, political organization) or with choices made by individuals. Interventionism is characterized by the use or threat of force or coercion to alter a political or cultural situation nominally outside the intervenor’s moral or political jurisdiction. It commonly deals with a government’s interventions in other governments’ affairs–and is thus
Frege’s Problem: Referential Opacity The problem of referential opacity is to explain why a certain inference rule of classical logic sometimes produces invalid-seeming inferences when applied to ascriptions of mental states. The rule concerns substitution of terms for the same object, and here is one of the controversial examples. It involves the mental states of Lois Lane, who believes that Superman can fly. Toutefois, elle
Systèmes de romanisation pour les termes chinois à l’origine, la langue chinoise et ses nombreux dialectes n'utilisaient aucune forme d'écriture alphabétique pour exprimer les significations et les sons des caractères chinois. Alors que l’intérêt occidental pour la Chine s’intensifiait au cours des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, Divers systèmes de romanisation (translittération en alphabet romain utilisé dans la plupart des langues occidentales) ont été proposés et utilisés. Parmi ceux-ci, the most frequently