Thomas Reid: Philosophy of Mind This article focuses on the philosophy of mind of Thomas Reid (1710-1796), as presented in An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense (1764) and Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (1785). Reid’s action theory and his views on what makes humans morally worthy agents, although connected to philosophy of mind, are not explored here.

Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) A notable Enlightenment polymath, Joseph Priestley published almost two hundred works on natural philosophy, théologie, métaphysique, political philosophy, politique, éducation, history and linguistics. Remembered today primarily as a scientist who isolated oxygen, Priestley considered his calling to be that of a theologian, and he spent most of his life working as a minister and teacher. He combined his Unitarian theology with an

The Language of Thought Hypothesis The language of thought hypothesis (LOTH) is the hypothesis that mental representation has a linguistic structure, or in other words, that thought takes place within a mental language. The hypothesis is sometimes expressed as the claim that thoughts are sentences in the head. It is one of a cluster of other hypotheses that together offer a theory of the nature

Knowledge Philosophy’s history of reflection upon knowledge is a history of theses and theories; but no less of questions, notions, distinctions, syntheses, and taxonomies. All of these will appear in this article. They generate, colour, and refine these philosophical theses and theories about knowledge. The results are epistemological — philosophical attempts to understand whatever is most fundamentally understandable about the nature and availability of knowledge.

Modalité épistémique La modalité épistémique est le genre de nécessité et de possibilité déterminée par des contraintes épistémiques. Une réclamation modale est une affirmation sur la façon dont les choses pourraient être ou doivent être données, comme les règles de la logique (modalité logique), obligations morales (modalité déontique), ou les lois de la nature (modalité nomique). Une affirmation modale est épistémique lorsque ces contraintes sont de nature épistémique,

Ibn Rushd (Averroes) (1126—1198) Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd, better known in the Latin West as Averroes, lived during a unique period in Western intellectual history, in which interest in philosophy and theology was waning in the Muslim world and just beginning to flourish in Latin Christendom. Just fifteen years before his birth, the great critic of Islamic philosophy, al-Ghazzali (1058-1111), had died