Hugo Grotius (1583—1645) Hugo Grotius was a Dutch humanist and jurist whose philosophy of natural law had a major impact on the development of seventeenth century political thought and on the moral theories of the Enlightenment. Valorized by contemporary international theorists as the father of international law, his work on sovereignty, international rights of commerce and the norms of just war continue to inform theories

Thomas Hobbes: Philosophie morale et politique Le philosophe anglais Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) est surtout connu pour sa pensée politique, et à juste titre. Sa vision du monde est étonnamment originale et toujours pertinente pour la politique contemporaine.. Sa principale préoccupation est le problème de l'ordre social et politique: comment les êtres humains peuvent vivre ensemble en paix et éviter le danger et la peur d'une guerre civile. Il pose

Thomas Reid: Philosophy of Mind This article focuses on the philosophy of mind of Thomas Reid (1710-1796), as presented in An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense (1764) and Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man (1785). Reid’s action theory and his views on what makes humans morally worthy agents, although connected to philosophy of mind, are not explored here.

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775—1854) F. O. J. von Schelling is one of the great German philosophers of the late 18th and early 19th Century. Some historians and scholars of philosophy have classified him as a German Idealist, along with J. g. Fichte and G. O. F. Hegel. Such classifications obscure rather than illuminate the importance and singularity of Schelling’s place in the history

Gorgias (483—375 B.C.E.) Gorgias was a Sicilian philosopher, orator, and rhetorician. He is considered by many scholars to be one of the founders of sophism, a movement traditionally associated with philosophy, that emphasizes the practical application of rhetoric toward civic and political life. The sophists were itinerant teachers who accepted fees in return for instruction in oratory and rhetoric, and many claimed they could teach