Paul Freire (1921—1997) By Slobodan Dimitrov – own work CC BY-SA 3.0 Paulo Freire was one of the most influential philosophers of education of the twentieth century. He worked wholeheartedly to help people both through his philosophy and his practice of critical pedagogy. A native of Brazil, Freire’s goal was to eradicate illiteracy among people from previously colonized countries and continents. His insights were rooted

Apology An apology is the act of declaring one’s regret, remords, or sorrow for having insulted, échoué, injured, harmed or wronged another. Some apologies are interpersonal (between individuals, c'est, between friends, family members, colleagues, lovers, neighbours, or strangers). Other apologies are collective (by one group to another group or by a group to an individual). Plus généralement, apologies can be offered “one to one,”

Gnosticism Gnosticism (after gnôsis, the Greek word for “knowledge” or “insight”) is the name given to a loosely organized religious and philosophical movement that flourished in the first and second centuries CE. The exact origin(s) of this school of thought cannot be traced, although it is possible to locate influences or sources as far back as the second and first centuries BCE, such as the

The Third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671—1713) Anthony Ashley Cooper, the Third Earl of Shaftesbury (1671-1713) was an English philosopher who profoundly influenced 18th century thought in Britain, France, and Germany. As a part of an important social circle of English Freethinkers along with early deists such as John Toland, Matthew Tindal, and Anthony Collins, Shaftesbury’s work had a significant influence on French deists such as

Concepts Les concepts sont d'une importance centrale pour une théorie globale de la cognition et de l'esprit.. Nos pensées, surtout ceux qui expriment ou impliquent des propositions, sont analysés et distingués les uns des autres en faisant appel à divers faits impliquant des concepts et notre compréhension de ceux-ci. De la même manière, nos énoncés linguistiques qui expriment des propositions expriment également des concepts, puisque les concepts sont normalement considérés comme étant étroitement liés à, ou même

Political Revolution Revolutions are commonly understood as instances of fundamental socio-political transformation. Since “the age of revolutions” in the late 18th century, political philosophers and theorists have developed approaches aimed at defining what forms of change can count as revolutionary (as opposed to, par exemple, reformist types of change) as well as determining if and under what conditions such change can be justified by normative