Philosophy of History History is the study of the past in all its forms. Philosophy of history examines the theoretical foundations of the practice, application, and social consequences of history and historiography. It is similar to other area studies – such as philosophy of science or philosophy of religion – in two respects. D'abord, philosophy of history utilizes the best theories in the core areas

Internalisme et externalisme en épistémologie L'internalisme-externalisme (IE) Le débat est au centre du débat contemporain sur l’épistémologie.. L’idée de base de l’intériorisme est que la justification est uniquement déterminée par des facteurs internes à une personne.. Les externalistes nient cela, affirmer que la justification dépend de facteurs supplémentaires externes à une personne. Un aspect important du débat sur l’I-E consiste à définir exactement ce que

Autonomy Autonomy is an individual’s capacity for self-determination or self-governance. Au-delà de ça, it is a much-contested concept that comes up in a number of different arenas. Par exemple, there is the folk concept of autonomy, which usually operates as an inchoate desire for freedom in some area of one’s life, and which may or may not be connected with the agent’s idea of the moral

Chrysippus (c. 280—207 B.C.E.) Chrysippus was among the most influential philosophers of the Hellenistic period. He is usually thought of as the most important influence on Stoicism. A later Stoic catchphrase ran, “If Chrysippus had not existed, neither would the Stoa.” (Lives 292). Carneades, the fourth Chair of the New Academy, modified the phrase to, “If Chrysippus had not existed, neither would I.” (Lives 438)

Epistemic Value Epistemic value is a kind of value which attaches to cognitive successes such as true beliefs, justified beliefs, connaissance, et la compréhension. These kinds of cognitive success do often have practical value: true beliefs about local geography help us get to work on time; knowledge of mechanics allows us to build vehicles; understanding of general annual weather patterns helps us to plant our fields

Ancient Greek Skepticism Although all skeptics in some way cast doubt on our ability to gain knowledge of the world, the term “skeptic” actually covers a wide range of attitudes and positions. There are skeptical elements in the views of many Greek philosophers, but the term “ancient skeptic” is generally applied either to a member of Plato’s Academy during its skeptical period (c. 273 B.C.E