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Aesthetic Formalism Formalism in aesthetics has traditionally been taken to refer to the view in the philosophy of art that the properties in virtue of which an artwork is an artwork—and in virtue of which its value is determined—are formal in the sense of being accessible by direct sensation (typically sight or hearing) seul. While such Formalist intuitions have a long history, prominent anti-Formalist arguments
Galien (130-200 de notre ère) Galien était l'un des médecins antiques les plus éminents ainsi qu'un philosophe (bien que la plupart de ses écrits philosophiques soient perdus). Néanmoins, ses intérêts philosophiques sont tout à fait évidents dans sa pratique des sciences biologiques. Galen a fait quelques observations anatomiques clés (bien que la plupart d'entre eux concernaient d'autres primates). Toutefois, cette inclination vers l'observation a fait entrer sa théorie dans la classe des
Abortion This article gives an overview of the moral and legal aspects of abortion and evaluates the most important arguments. The central moral aspect concerns whether there is any morally relevant point during the biological process of the development of the fetus from its beginning as a unicellular zygote to birth itself that may justify not having an abortion after that point. Leading candidates for
Time Time is what clocks measure, Einstein once said. Information about time tells the durations of events, and when they occur, and which events happen before which others, so time plays a very significant role in the universe’s structure, including the structure of our personal lives. But there are many unresolved issues, both philosophical and scientific. Consider this issue upon which philosophers are deeply divided:
Jean Paul Sartre: Existentialism The philosophical career of Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980) focuses, in its first phase, upon the construction of a philosophy of existence known as existentialism. Sartre’s early works are characterized by a development of classic phenomenology, but his reflection diverges from Husserl’s on methodology, the conception of the self, and an interest in ethics. These points of divergence are the cornerstones of
Paradigm Case Arguments From time to time philosophers and scientists have made sensational, provocative claims that certain things do not exist or never happen that, dans la vie de tous les jours, we unquestioningly take for granted as existing or happening. These claims have included denying the existence of matter, espace, temps, le soi, libre volonté, and other sturdy and basic elements of our common-sense or naïve world-view. Around