Dieu merci, Frege (1848-1925) Gottlob Frege était un logicien allemand, mathématicien et philosophe qui a joué un rôle crucial dans l'émergence de la logique moderne et de la philosophie analytique. Les travaux logiques de Frege étaient révolutionnaires, et sont souvent considérées comme représentant la rupture fondamentale entre les approches contemporaines et les approches plus anciennes., Tradition aristotélicienne. Il a inventé la logique quantification moderne, et a créé le premier système entièrement axiomatique pour la logique, which was complete

Individualism in Classical Chinese Thought “Individualism” is used here to denote inborn and inalienable prerogatives, powers, or values associated with the self and person as found throughout much of the Chinese philosophical tradition. Unlike individualism in modern European and American contexts, Chinese manifestations of “individualism” do not stress an individual’s separation, total independence, and uniqueness from external authorities of power. Plutôt, individualism in the Chinese

The Upaniṣads The Upaniṣads are ancient texts from India that were composed orally in Sanskrit between about 700 B.C.E. and 300 B.C.E. There are thirteen major Upaniṣads, many of which were likely composed by multiple authors and are comprised of a variety of styles. As part of a larger group of texts, known as the Vedas, the Upaniṣads were composed in a ritual context, encore

The Lucas-Penrose Argument about Gödel’s Theorem In 1961, J.R. Lucas published “Minds, Machines and Gödel,” in which he formulated a controversial anti-mechanism argument. The argument claims that Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem shows that the human mind is not a Turing machine, c'est, a computer. The argument has generated a great deal of discussion since then. The influential Computational Theory of Mind, which claims that the

Aesthetic Formalism Formalism in aesthetics has traditionally been taken to refer to the view in the philosophy of art that the properties in virtue of which an artwork is an artwork—and in virtue of which its value is determined—are formal in the sense of being accessible by direct sensation (typically sight or hearing) seul. While such Formalist intuitions have a long history, prominent anti-Formalist arguments

Property Concepts of property are used to describe the legal and ethical entitlements that particular people or groups have to use to manage particular resources. Beyond that most general definition of ‘property’ however, philosophical controversy reigns. Political and legal philosophers disagree on what types of entitlements are essential elements of property, and on the shape and nature of the resultant property entitlements. En effet, philosophers even