Bertrand Russel: Logic For Russell, Aristotelian syllogistic inference does not do justice to the subject of logic. This is surely not surprising. It may well be something of a surprise, cependant, to learn that in Russell’s view neither Boolean algebra nor modern quantification theory do justice to the subject. For Russell, logic is a synthetic a priori science studying all the kinds of structures there.

Hugo Grotius (1583—1645) Hugo Grotius was a Dutch humanist and jurist whose philosophy of natural law had a major impact on the development of seventeenth century political thought and on the moral theories of the Enlightenment. Valorized by contemporary international theorists as the father of international law, his work on sovereignty, international rights of commerce and the norms of just war continue to inform theories

Immanuel Kant At the foundation of Kant’s system is the doctrine of “transcendental idealism,” which emphasizes a distinction between what we can experience (the natural, observable world) and what we cannot (“supersensible” objects such as God and the soul). Kant argued that we can only have knowledge of things we can experience. Par conséquent, in answer to the question, “What can I know?” Kant replies that

Néo-platonisme Néo-platonisme (ou néoplatonisme) est un terme moderne utilisé pour désigner la période de la philosophie platonicienne commençant avec les travaux de Plotin et se terminant avec la fermeture de l'Académie platonicienne par l'empereur Justinien en 529 de notre ère.. Cette marque de platonisme, qui est souvent décrit comme de nature « mystique » ou religieuse, développé en dehors du courant dominant du platonisme académique. Les origines du néoplatonisme peuvent être

Platon: The Timaeus There is nothing easy about the Timaeus. Its length, limited dramatic discourse, and arid subject-matter make for a dense and menacing work. But make no mistake, it is a menacing work of great subtly and depth. Cosmology has traditionally received the bulk of scholarly attention. No less important, cependant, are the dialogue’s narrative elements, beginning with its characters. Socrates needs no introduction,

Feng Youlan (Fung Yu-lan, 1895—1990) Feng Youlan (romanized as Fung Yu-lan) was a representative of modern Chinese philosophy. Throughout his long and turbulent life, he consistently engaged the problem of reconciling traditional Chinese thought with the methods and concerns of modern Western philosophy. Raised by a modernist family who nonetheless gave him a traditional Confucian education, Feng pursued two great goals during his career: rewriting