Luck Winning a lottery, being hit by a stray bullet, or surviving a plane crash, all are instances of a mundane phenomenon: chance. Mundane as it is, the concept of luck nonetheless plays a pivotal role in central areas of philosophy, either because it is the key element of widespread philosophical theses or because it gives rise to challenging puzzles. Par exemple, a common claim

Signification et sensibilité au contexte La sémantique conditionnelle de vérité explique le sens en termes de conditions de vérité. Le sens d'une phrase est donné par les conditions qui doivent être remplies pour que la phrase soit vraie. Le sens d'un mot est donné par sa contribution aux conditions de vérité des phrases dans lesquelles il apparaît. Ce que dit un locuteur en prononçant une phrase dépend de la

Josiah Royce (1855-1916): Josiah Royce était l'un des philosophes les plus influents de la période de la philosophie américaine classique., de la fin du XIXe siècle au début du XXe siècle. Bien que souvent identifié comme un représentant de l'idéalisme absolu, qui est une vision philosophique explorée par Royce en particulier dans ses Gifford Lectures, Royce était un penseur aux intérêts et aux talents très divers. Il a apporté d'importantes contributions

Aristote: Poetics The Poetics of Aristotle (384-322 avant notre ère) is a much-disdained book. So unpoetic a soul as Aristotle’s has no business speaking about such a topic, much less telling poets how to go about their business. He reduces the drama to its language, people say, and the language itself to its least poetic element, the story, and then he encourages insensitive readers like himself to

Natural Law The term “natural law” is ambiguous. It refers to a type of moral theory, as well as to a type of legal theory, but the core claims of the two kinds of theory are logically independent. It does not refer to the laws of nature, the laws that science aims to describe. According to natural law moral theory, the moral standards that govern

Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (1770—1843) Although J. C. F. Hölderlin has, since the beginning of the twentieth century, enjoyed the reputation of being one of Germany’s greatest poets, his recognition as an important philosophical figure is more recent. The revival of an interest in German Idealism, and the philosophical developments from Kant’s critical period to Hegel’s mature thought, have ensured that Hölderlin is given his due