Johann Christian Friedrich Hölderlin (1770—1843) Although J. C. F. Hölderlin has, since the beginning of the twentieth century, enjoyed the reputation of being one of Germany’s greatest poets, his recognition as an important philosophical figure is more recent. The revival of an interest in German Idealism, and the philosophical developments from Kant’s critical period to Hegel’s mature thought, have ensured that Hölderlin is given his due

Hannah Arendt (1906—1975) Hannah Arendt is a twentieth century political philosopher whose writings do not easily come together into a systematic philosophy that expounds and expands upon a single argument over a sequence of works. Plutôt, her thoughts span totalitarianism, revolution, the nature of freedom and the faculties of thought and judgment. The question with which Arendt engages most frequently is the nature of politics

Natural Deduction Natural Deduction (ND) is a common name for the class of proof systems composed of simple and self-evident inference rules based upon methods of proof and traditional ways of reasoning that have been applied since antiquity in deductive practice. The first formal ND systems were independently constructed in the 1930s by G. Gentzen and S. Jaśkowski and proposed as an alternative to Hilbert-style axiomatic systems. Gentzen introduced a

Benoît de Spinoza: Political Philosophy The body of Benedict de Spinoza’s writings on political philosophy in the 17th century should be seen as a paradigmatic species of European Enlightenment Philosophy. Spinoza rejected the teleological account of human nature and its implications to political societies in favor of rational, scientific understanding with its contractual implications. Donc, political societies to Spinoza are not natural organisms but artificial

Martin Luther (1483-1546) théologien allemand, professeur, pasteur, et réformateur de l'Église. Luther a commencé la Réforme protestante avec la publication de ses quatre-vingt-quinze thèses le 31 octobre., 1517. Dans cette publication, il s’en est pris à la vente des indulgences par l’Église. Il prônait une théologie fondée sur l’activité gracieuse de Dieu en Jésus-Christ., plutôt que dans les œuvres humaines. Nearly all Protestants trace their history back to Luther in one

La philosophie de l'anthropologie La philosophie de l'anthropologie fait référence aux perspectives philosophiques centrales qui sous-tendent, ou ont soutenu, les écoles dominantes dans la pensée anthropologique. Elle se distingue de l'anthropologie philosophique qui tente de définir et de comprendre ce que signifie être humain.. Cet article donne un aperçu des écoles anthropologiques les plus importantes, les philosophies qui les sous-tendent et les débats philosophiques qui les entourent