Game Theory This article sketches the basic concepts of the theory of games in order to discuss some of their philosophical implications and problems. Consider the following situation: when two hunters set out to hunt a stag and lose track of each other in the process, each hunter has to make a decision. Either she continues according to plan, hoping that her partner does likewise

Epicurus (341—271 B.C.E.) Epicurus is one of the major philosophers in the Hellenistic period, the three centuries following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C.E. (and of Aristotle in 322 B.C.E.). Epicurus developed an unsparingly materialistic metaphysics, empiricist epistemology, and hedonistic ethics. Epicurus taught that the basic constituents of the world are atoms, uncuttable bits of matter, flying through empty space, and he

David Hume: Imagination David Hume (1711–1776) approaches questions in epistemology, métaphysique, ethics and aesthetics via questions about our minds. Par exemple, before addressing the epistemological question of whether we have any justification for our beliefs about unobserved states of affairs, Hume asks which of our cognitive faculties is responsible for these beliefs. Before addressing the metaphysical question, What is causal necessity (or necessary connexion)? , il

Models The word “model” is highly ambiguous, and there is no uniform terminology used by either scientists or philosophers. Ici, a model is considered to be a representation of some object, behavior, or system that one wants to understand. This article presents the most common type of models found in science as well as the different relations—traditionally called “analogies”—between models and between a given model

Filial Obligation The question of what one should do for one’s parents is often urgent; un parent a besoin de soins dans un avenir proche, et l'enfant adulte doit décider du type de soins à prodiguer, si et dans quelle mesure financer la prestation de soins, et dans quelle mesure l'enfant doit sacrifier son bonheur, bien-être, sécurité financière, chambre d'amis, et ainsi de suite

The Port Royal Logic Logic or the Art of Thinking, commonly known as The Port Royal Logic, was written by Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole and first published in 1662. Although it was a textbook containing much worked-over material, the Logic was extremely influential, certainly the most important textbook in logic for the next two hundred years. Part of its influence was due to its