Ismaili Philosophy Ismailism belongs to the Shi‘a main stream of Islam. Recent scholarship, based on a more judicious analysis of primary sources, has shown how Ismaili thought was in constant interaction with and to a certain extent influenced well-known currents of Islamic philosophy, théologie, and mysticism. Shi‘i and Ismaili philosophy use ta’wil as a tool of interpretation of scripture. This Qur’anic term connotes going back

Critique (460—403 B.C.E.) Critique, son of Callaeschrus, an Athenian philosopher, rhéteur, poète, historien, and political leader, was best known for his leading role in the pro-Spartan government of the Thirty (404-403 BC). But Critias also produced a broad range of works and was a noted poet and teacher in his own time. The fragments of three tragedies and a satyr play, a collection of elegies,

Time Time is what clocks measure, Einstein once said. Information about time tells the durations of events, and when they occur, and which events happen before which others, so time plays a very significant role in the universe’s structure, including the structure of our personal lives. But there are many unresolved issues, both philosophical and scientific. Consider this issue upon which philosophers are deeply divided:

Michel Foucault: Ethics The French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault (1926-1984) does not understand ethics as moral philosophy, the metaphysical and epistemological investigation of ethical concepts (métaéthique) and the investigation of the criteria for evaluating actions (normative ethics), as Anglo-American philosophers do. Plutôt, he defines ethics as a relation of self to itself in terms of its moral agency. Plus précisément, ethics denotes the intentional

Philosophy through Film This article introduces the main perspectives concerning philosophy through film. Film is understood not so much as an object of philosophical reflection but as a medium for engaging in philosophy. Contributions to the area have flourished since the beginning of the 21st century, along with debates over the extent to which film can really be understood to be “doing” philosophy, as opposed

Émile Meyerson (1859-1933) Émile Meyerson, un chimiste et philosophe des sciences, a proposé que les explications de la science soient régies par deux principes fondamentaux de la raison, à savoir, le principe de licéité et le principe de causalité. Alors que le contenu des explications change à travers l'histoire à mesure que les théories explicatives de la science passent de l'atomisme primitif et des théories qualitatives à la physique de la relativité et à la mécanique quantique., la forme de