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Renaissance Skepticism The term “Renaissance skepticism” refers to a diverse range of approaches to the problem of knowledge that were inspired by the revitalization of Ancient Greek Skepticism in fifteenth through sixteenth century Europe. Much like its ancient counterpart, Renaissance skepticism refers to a wide array of epistemological positions rather than a single doctrine or unified school of thought. These various positions can be unified
Natural Deduction Natural Deduction (ND) is a common name for the class of proof systems composed of simple and self-evident inference rules based upon methods of proof and traditional ways of reasoning that have been applied since antiquity in deductive practice. The first formal ND systems were independently constructed in the 1930s by G. Gentzen and S. Jaśkowski and proposed as an alternative to Hilbert-style axiomatic systems. Gentzen introduced a
Joseph Butler (1692—1752) Bishop Joseph Butler is a well-known religious philosopher of the eighteenth century. He is still read and discussed among contemporary philosophers, especially for arguments against some major figures in the history of philosophy, such as Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. In his Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel (1729), Butler argues against Hobbes’s egoism, and in the Analogy of Religion (1736),
Philosophie politique: Méthodologie La philosophie politique commence par la question: quelle devrait être la relation d’une personne à la société? Le sujet cherche à appliquer des concepts éthiques à la sphère sociale et traite ainsi de la variété des formes de gouvernement et d’existence sociale dans lesquelles les gens pourraient vivre – et ce faisant, il fournit également une norme permettant d'analyser et de juger les
Libre arbitre La plupart d'entre nous sont certains d'avoir le libre arbitre., bien que ce que cela signifie exactement soit beaucoup moins certain. Selon David Hume, la question de la nature du libre arbitre est « la question la plus controversée de la métaphysique ». Si c'est exact, alors comprendre ce qu'est le libre arbitre ne sera pas une mince affaire. Au minimum, dire qu'un agent a
John Wisdom (1904-1993) Between 1930 and 1956, John Wisdom set the tone in analytic philosophy in the United Kingdom. Nobody expressed this better than J. Ô. Urmson in his Philosophical Analysis: Its Development Between the Two World Wars (1956) où, after Bertrand Russell and Ludwig Wittgenstein, Wisdom is the most frequently quoted philosopher. Wisdom was the leading figure of the Cambridge School of Therapeutic Analysis