Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds Solipsism is sometimes expressed as the view that “I am the only mind which exists,” or “My mental states are the only mental states.” However, the sole survivor of a nuclear holocaust might truly come to believe in either of these propositions without thereby being a solipsist. Solipsism is therefore more properly regarded as the doctrine that, en principe, “existence” means for

Epistemic Value Epistemic value is a kind of value which attaches to cognitive successes such as true beliefs, justified beliefs, connaissance, et la compréhension. These kinds of cognitive success do often have practical value: true beliefs about local geography help us get to work on time; knowledge of mechanics allows us to build vehicles; understanding of general annual weather patterns helps us to plant our fields

Russell’s Paradox Russell’s paradox represents either of two interrelated logical antinomies. The most commonly discussed form is a contradiction arising in the logic of sets or classes. Some classes (or sets) seem to be members of themselves, while some do not. The class of all classes is itself a class, and so it seems to be in itself. The null or empty class, cependant, doit

Justus Lipsius (1547—1606) Justus Lipsius, a Belgian classical philologist and Humanist, wrote a series of works designed to revive ancient Stoicism in a form that would be compatible with Christianity. The most famous of these is De Constantia (‘On Constancy’) in which he advocated a Stoic-inspired ideal of constancy in the face of unpleasant external events, but also carefully distinguished those parts of Stoic philosophy

Leibniz: Logique Les idées révolutionnaires de Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) sur la logique ont été développés par lui entre 1670 et 1690. Les idées peuvent être divisées en quatre domaines: le syllogisme, le calcul universel, Logique propositionnelle, et logique modale. Ces idées révolutionnaires restèrent cachées dans les archives de la Bibliothèque royale de Hanovre jusqu'en 1903, date à laquelle le mathématicien français Louis Couturat publia les Opuscules et fragments inédits de Leibniz..