Introspection Introspection is the process by which someone comes to form beliefs about her own mental states. We might form the belief that someone else is happy on the basis of perception – for example, by perceiving her behavior. But a person typically does not have to observe her own behavior in order to determine whether she is happy. Plutôt, one makes this determination by

Aristote: Motion Aristotle’s account of motion and its place in nature can be found in the Physics. By motion, Aristote (384-322 avant notre ère) understands any kind of change. He defines motion as the actuality of a potentiality. Initialement, Aristotle’s definition seems to involve a contradiction. Toutefois, commentators on the works of Aristotle, such as St. Thomas d'Aquin, maintain that this is the only way to define motion. In order

Fiabilité Le reliabilité englobe un large éventail de théories épistémologiques qui tentent d'expliquer la connaissance ou la justification en termes de caractère véridique du processus par lequel un agent forme une véritable croyance.. La fiabilité des processus est le type de fiabilité le plus courant. La forme la plus simple de fiabilité de processus concernant la connaissance d'une proposition p implique que l'agent S sait que p si et seulement si S

Inconsistent Mathematics Inconsistent mathematics is the study of commonplace mathematical objects, comme des ensembles, Nombres, et fonctions, où certaines contradictions sont permises. Des outils issus de la logique formelle sont utilisés pour garantir que toutes les contradictions sont contenues et que les théories globales restent cohérentes.. Inconsistent mathematics began as a response to the set theoretic and semantic paradoxes such as Russell’s Paradox and the Liar Paradox—the response being that

Dynamic Epistemic Logic This article tells the story of the rise of dynamic epistemic logic. The rise began in the 1960s with the creation and development of epistemic logic, the logic of knowledge, Then in the late 1980s came dynamic epistemic logic, the logic of change of knowledge. Much of it was motivated by puzzles and paradoxes. The number of active researchers in these logics

Thomas Hobbes: Methodology Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) is one of England’s most influential political philosophers. According to his own estimation, he was probably the most important philosopher of his time, if not of history, since he believed himself to be the first to discover a genuine “science of politics.” Modeled on the surefire method of geometry, his political science was supposed to demonstrate political truths with