Theological Determinism Theological determinism is the view that God determines every event that occurs in the history of the world. While there is much debate about which prominent historical figures were theological determinists, St. Augustin, Thomas d'Aquin, John Calvin, and Gottfried Leibniz all seemed to espouse the view at least at certain points in their illustrious careers. Contemporary theological determinists also appeal to various biblical

Pseudo-Denys l'Aréopagite (fl. 500 de notre ère) Denys est l'auteur de trois longs traités (Les noms divins, La hiérarchie céleste, et la hiérarchie ecclésiastique) un court traité (La théologie mystique) et dix lettres exposant divers aspects de la philosophie chrétienne dans une perspective mystique et néoplatonicienne. Se présentant comme Denys l'Aréopagite, le disciple de Paul mentionné dans Actes 17:34, ses écrits avaient le statut de

The Experience Machine The experience machine is a thought experiment first devised by Robert Nozick in the 1970s. In the last decades of the 20th century, an argument based on this thought experiment has been considered a knock-down objection to hedonism about well-being, the thesis that our well-being—that is, the goodness or badness of our lives for us—is entirely determined by our pains and pleasures.

Spinoza: Free Will and Freedom Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a Dutch Jewish rationalist philosopher who is most famous for his Ethics and Theological-Political Treatise. Although influenced by Stoicism, Maimonides, Machiavel, Descartes, and Hobbes, entre autres, he developed distinct and innovative positions on a number of issues in metaphysics, épistémologie, éthique, politique, biblical hermeneutics, and theology. He is also known as a pivotal figure in the

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling (1775—1854) F. O. J. von Schelling is one of the great German philosophers of the late 18th and early 19th Century. Some historians and scholars of philosophy have classified him as a German Idealist, along with J. g. Fichte and G. O. F. Hegel. Such classifications obscure rather than illuminate the importance and singularity of Schelling’s place in the history

Objects of Perception The objects of perception are the entities we attend to when we perceive the world. Perception lies at the root of all our empirical knowledge. We may have acquired much of what we know about the world through testimony, but originally such knowledge relies on the world having been perceived by others or ourselves using our five senses: sight, hearing, touche, goût,