Parmenides of Elea (Late 6th cn.—Mid 5th cn. avant notre ère) Parmenides of Elea was a Presocratic Greek philosopher. As the first philosopher to inquire into the nature of existence itself, he is incontrovertibly credited as the “Father of Metaphysics.” As the first to employ deductive, a priori arguments to justify his claims, he competes with Aristotle for the title “Father of Logic.” He is also commonly

Musonius Rufus (c. 30–before 101-2 C.E.) Gaius Musonius Rufus was one of the four great Stoic philosophers of the Roman empire, along with Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. Renowned as a great Stoic teacher, Musonius conceived of philosophy as nothing but the practice of noble behavior. He advocated a commitment to live for virtue, not pleasure, since virtue saves us from the mistakes that ruin

Applied Ethics Under what conditions is an abortion morally permissible? Does a citizen have a moral obligation to actively participate (perhaps by voting) in the democratic process of one’s nation (assuming one is living in a democracy)? What obligations, si seulement, does one have to the global poor? Under what conditions is female genital excision morally permissible? If there are conditions under which it is

Epistemic Value Epistemic value is a kind of value which attaches to cognitive successes such as true beliefs, justified beliefs, connaissance, et la compréhension. These kinds of cognitive success do often have practical value: true beliefs about local geography help us get to work on time; knowledge of mechanics allows us to build vehicles; understanding of general annual weather patterns helps us to plant our fields

Ancient Ethics Ethical reflection in ancient Greece and Rome starts from all of an agent’s ends or goals and tries to systematize them. Our ends are diverse. We typically want, entre autres, material comfort, santé, respect from peers and love from friends and family, successful children, healthy emotional lives, and intellectual achievement. We see all these things as good for us. Ainsi, systematizing our

Harold Henri Joachim (1868-1938) Harold Henri Joachim (1868-1938) était un philosophe idéaliste mineur travaillant dans la tradition néo-hégélienne qui dominait la philosophie britannique à la fin du XIXe siècle. À l'époque, cette tradition était divisée en deux camps principaux: idéalisme personnel et idéalisme absolu. Joachim était affilié à ce dernier camp, dont le représentant le plus éminent était F. H. Bradley. Although Joachim has frequently been