Soren Kierkegaard (1813—1855) Søren Kierkegaard is an outsider in the history of philosophy. His peculiar authorship comprises a baffling array of different narrative points of view and disciplinary subject matter, including aesthetic novels, works of psychology and Christian dogmatics, satirical prefaces, philosophical “scraps” and “postscripts,” literary reviews, edifying discourses, Christian polemics, and retrospective self-interpretations. His arsenal of rhetoric includes irony, satire, parody, humor, polemic and

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) Widely hailed as a universal genius, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was one of the most important thinkers of the late 17th and early 18th centuries. A polymath and one of the founders of calculus, Leibniz is best known philosophically for his metaphysical idealism; his theory that reality is composed of spiritual, non-interacting “monads,” and his oft-ridiculed thesis that we live in the

Le problème de l'induction Cet article traite du problème de l'induction, y compris ses perspectives conceptuelles et historiques de Hume à Reichenbach. Compte tenu de l'importance de l'induction dans la vie quotidienne ainsi que dans la science, nous devrions être capables de dire si l'inférence inductive équivaut à un raisonnement solide ou non, ou du moins, nous devrions être en mesure d'identifier les circonstances dans lesquelles il devrait être

Gottfried Leibniz: Causation The views of Leibniz (1646-1716) on causation must stand as some of the more interesting in the history of philosophy, for he consistently denied that there is any genuine causal interaction between finite substances. And yet from another perspective, he sought to integrate both old and new causal taxonomies: D'un côté, Leibniz put forth a theory of causation that would accommodate

Nagarjuna (c. 150—c. 250) Often referred to as “the second Buddha” by Tibetan and East Asian Mahayana (Great Vehicle) traditions of Buddhism, Nagarjuna offered sharp criticisms of Brahminical and Buddhist substantialist philosophy, theory of knowledge, and approaches to practice. Nagarjuna’s philosophy represents something of a watershed not only in the history of Indian philosophy but in the history of philosophy as a whole, as it

Platon: Philosophie politique Platon (c. 427-347 avant notre ère) développé des domaines de philosophie aussi distincts que l'épistémologie, métaphysique, éthique, et esthétique. Sa profonde influence sur la philosophie occidentale est affirmée dans la célèbre remarque d'Alfred North Whitehead: "La caractérisation la plus sûre de la tradition philosophique européenne est qu'elle consiste en une série de notes de bas de page sur Platon." Il était aussi le prototype du philosophe politique dont les idées avaient une