Moral Character At the heart of one major approach to ethics—an approach counting among its proponents Plato, Aristote, Augustine and Aquinas—is the conviction that ethics is fundamentally related to what kind of persons we are. Many of Plato’s dialogues, par exemple, focus on what kind of persons we ought to be and begin with examinations of particular virtues: What is the nature of justice? (République)

Frantz Fanon (1925-1961) Frantz Fanon était l'un des rares penseurs extraordinaires à soutenir les luttes de décolonisation qui ont eu lieu après la Seconde Guerre mondiale., et il reste parmi ces voix les plus lues et les plus influentes.. Sa brève vie a été remarquable à la fois par son engagement sans réserve dans la lutte pour l'indépendance que le peuple algérien a menée contre la France et par son astuce, analyses passionnées de l'impulsion humaine vers

Hannah Arendt (1906—1975) Hannah Arendt is a twentieth century political philosopher whose writings do not easily come together into a systematic philosophy that expounds and expands upon a single argument over a sequence of works. Plutôt, her thoughts span totalitarianism, revolution, the nature of freedom and the faculties of thought and judgment. The question with which Arendt engages most frequently is the nature of politics

Xunzi (Hsün Tzu, c. 310—c. 220 B.C.E.) Xunzi, along with Confucius and Mencius, was one of the three great early architects of Confucian philosophy. À bien des égards, he offers a more complete and sophisticated defense of Confucianism than Mencius. Xunzi lived toward the end of the Warring States period (453-221 BCE), generally regarded as the formative era for most later Chinese philosophy. It was a

Demonstratives and Indexicals In the philosophy of language, an indexical is any expression whose content varies from one context of use to another. The standard list of indexicals includes pronouns such as “I”, “you”, “he”, “she”, “it”, “this”, “that”, plus adverbs such as “now”, “then”, “today”, “yesterday”, “here”, and “actually”. Other candidates include the tenses of verbs, adjectives such as “local”, and a range of

David Hume: Imagination David Hume (1711–1776) approaches questions in epistemology, métaphysique, ethics and aesthetics via questions about our minds. Par exemple, before addressing the epistemological question of whether we have any justification for our beliefs about unobserved states of affairs, Hume asks which of our cognitive faculties is responsible for these beliefs. Before addressing the metaphysical question, What is causal necessity (or necessary connexion)? , il