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The Port Royal Logic Logic or the Art of Thinking, commonly known as The Port Royal Logic, was written by Antoine Arnauld and Pierre Nicole and first published in 1662. Although it was a textbook containing much worked-over material, the Logic was extremely influential, certainly the most important textbook in logic for the next two hundred years. Part of its influence was due to its
John Langshaw Austin (1911—1960) J. L. Austin was one of the more influential British philosophers of his time, due to his rigorous thought, extraordinary personality, and innovative philosophical method. According to John Searle, he was both passionately loved and hated by his contemporaries. Like Socrates, he seemed to destroy all philosophical orthodoxy without presenting an alternative, equally comforting, orthodoxy. Austin is best known for two
Antisthenes (c. 446—366 B.C.E.) Known in antiquity as an accomplished orator, a companion of Socrates, and a philosopher, Antisthenes presently gains renown from his status as either a founder or a forerunner of Cynicism. He was the teacher to Diogenes of Sinope, and he is regarded by Diogenes Laertius as the first Cynic philosopher. He is credited with the authorship of over sixty titles, appears
Kant: Philosophie de l'esprit Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) était l'un des philosophes les plus importants du siècle des Lumières (c. 1650-1800) dans l'histoire de l'Europe occidentale. Cet article d’encyclopédie se concentre sur les vues de Kant sur la philosophie de l’esprit., qui sous-tendent une grande partie de son épistémologie et de sa métaphysique. En particulier, il se concentre sur les doctrines métaphysiques et épistémologiques qui constituent le cœur de la philosophie mature de Kant., tel que présenté dans la Critique
Modern Morality and Ancient Ethics It is commonly supposed that there is a vital difference between ancient ethics and modern morality. Par exemple, there appears to be a vital difference between virtue ethics and the modern moralities of deontological ethics (Kantianism) et le conséquentialisme (utilitarianism). At second glance, cependant, one acknowledges that both ethical approaches have more in common than their stereotypes may suggest. Oversimplification, fallacious
Phenomenological Psychology Phenomenological psychology is the use of the phenomenological method to gain insights regarding topics related to psychology. Though researchers and thinkers throughout the history of philosophy have identified their work as contributing to phenomenological psychology, how people understand phenomenological psychology is a matter of some controversy. D'un côté, in light of contemporary philosophy’s affirmation of qualia as non-reducible, some understand phenomenological