Rudolf Carnap: Modal Logic In two works, a paper in The Journal of Symbolic Logic in 1946 and the book Meaning and Necessity in 1947, Rudolf Carnap developed a modal predicate logic containing a necessity operator N,…
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René Descartes: The Mind-Body Distinction
René Descartes: The Mind-Body Distinction One of the deepest and most lasting legacies of Descartes’ philosophy is his thesis that mind and body are really distinct—a thesis now called “mind-body dualism.” He reaches this conclusion by…
Slavoj Žižek (1949 —)
Slavoj Žižek (1949 —) Slavoj Žižek is a Slovenian-born political philosopher and cultural critic. He was described by British literary theorist, Terry Eagleton, as the “most formidably brilliant” recent theorist to have emerged from Continental…
Robert Nozick: Philosophie politique
Robert Nozick: Philosophie politique Bien que Robert Nozick ne se considère pas avant tout comme un philosophe politique, il est surtout connu pour ses contributions. Indubitablement, Les travaux de Nozick en épistémologie et métaphysique (especially with…
John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart (1866—1925)
John McTaggart Ellis McTaggart (1866—1925) J. M. E. McTaggart is a British idealist, best known for his argument for the unreality of time and for his system of metaphysics advocating personal idealism. By the early…
Fallacies
Fallacies A fallacy is a kind of error in reasoning. The list of fallacies below contains 231 names of the most common fallacies, and it provides brief explanations and examples of each of them. Fallacious…
Philosophie de la médecine
Philosophie de la médecine Alors que la philosophie et la médecine, à commencer par les anciens Grecs, jouit d’une longue histoire d’interactions mutuellement bénéfiques, la professionnalisation de la « philosophie de la médecine » est un événement du XIXe siècle. One of the first…
Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
Charles Darwin (1809–1882) Charles Darwin is primarily known as the architect of the theory of evolution by natural selection. With the publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859, he advanced a view of…
Michel Foucault: Éthique
Michel Foucault: Ethics The French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault (1926-1984) does not understand ethics as moral philosophy, the metaphysical and epistemological investigation of ethical concepts (metaethics) and the investigation of the criteria for evaluating…
Aesthetic Taste
Aesthetic Taste Taste is the most common trope when talking about the intellectual judgment of an object’s aesthetic merit. This popularity rose to an unprecedented degree in the eighteenth century, which is the main focus…