Edonismo Il termine “edonismo,” dalla parola greca ἡδονή (a Hedon) per piacere, si riferisce a diverse teorie correlate su ciò che è bene per noi, come dovremmo comportarci, e cosa ci motiva a comportarci nel modo in cui lo facciamo. Tutte le teorie edonistiche identificano il piacere e il dolore come gli unici elementi importanti di qualunque fenomeno intendano descrivere. Se le teorie edonistiche identificassero il piacere e

Natural Kinds A large part of our exploration of the world consists in categorizing or classifying the objects and processes we encounter, both in scientific and everyday contexts. There are various, perhaps innumerable, ways to sort objects into different kinds or categories, but it is commonly assumed that, among the countless possible types of classifications, one group is privileged. Philosophy refers to such categories as

Egoism In philosophy, egoism is the theory that one’s self is, or should be, the motivation and the goal of one’s own action. Egoism has two variants, descriptive or normative. The descriptive (or positive) variant conceives egoism as a factual description of human affairs. Cioè, people are motivated by their own interests and desires, and they cannot be described otherwise. The normative variant proposes

Michel Foucault: Political Thought The work of twentieth-century French philosopher Michel Foucault has increasingly influenced the study of politics. This influence has mainly been via concepts he developed in particular historical studies that have been taken up as analytical tools; “governmentality” and ”biopower” are the most prominent of these. Più in generale, Foucault developed a radical new conception of social power as forming strategies embodying intentions

Defeaters in Epistemology The concept of epistemic defeat or defeasibility has come to occupy an important place in contemporary epistemology, especially in relation to the closely allied concepts of justified belief, warrant, e conoscenza. These allied concepts signify positive epistemic appraisal or positive epistemic status. As a first approximation, defeasibility refers to a belief’s liability to lose some positive epistemic status, or to having this

Karl Popper: Razionalismo critico “Razionalismo critico” è il nome di Karl Popper (1902-1994) diede ad un razionalismo modesto e autocritico. Ha contrapposto questa visione al “razionalismo acritico o comprensivo”.,” La visione giustificazionista diffusa secondo cui dovrebbe essere accettata solo ciò che può essere dimostrato dalla ragione e/o dall’esperienza. Popper sosteneva che il razionalismo globale non può spiegare come sia possibile la prova e che porta a incoerenze. Il razionalismo critico oggi