Socialism Socialism is both an economic system and an ideology (in the non-pejorative sense of that term). A socialist economy features social rather than private ownership of the means of production. It also typically organizes economic activity through planning rather than market forces, and gears production towards needs satisfaction rather than profit accumulation. Socialist ideology asserts the moral and economic superiority of an economy with

Thrasymachus (fl. 427 B.C.E.) Thrasymachus of Chalcedon is one of several “older sophists” (including Antiphon, Critias, Hippias, Gorgias, e Protagora) who became famous in Athens during the fifth century B.C.E. We know that Thrasymachus was born in Chalcedon, a colony of Megara in Bithynia, and that he had distinguished himself as a teacher of rhetoric and speechwriter in Athens by the year 427. Beyond this,

Paraconsistent Logic A paraconsistent logic is a way to reason about inconsistent information without lapsing into absurdity. In una logica non paraconsistente, l'incoerenza esplode nel senso che se prevale una contraddizione, poi tutto (qualunque cosa!) altrimenti ottiene, pure. Qualcuno che ragiona con una logica paraconsistente può iniziare con premesse incoerenti, ad esempio, un dilemma morale, un'antinomia kantiana, o un paradosso semantico, e tuttavia raggiungere conclusioni sensate, without completely exploding

The Safety Condition for Knowledge A number of epistemologists have defended a necessary condition for knowledge that has come to be labeled as the “safety” condition. Timothy Williamson, Duncan Pritchard, and Ernest Sosa are the foremost defenders of safety. According to these authors an agent S knows a true proposition P only if S could not easily have falsely believed P. Disagreement arises, Tuttavia, con

Benedetto di Spinoza: Epistemologia La teoria della conoscenza, o epistemologia, offerto dal filosofo olandese del XVII secolo Benedict de Spinoza potrebbe rivelarsi il più audace nella storia della filosofia. Spinoza non solo afferma di poter conoscere tutti i modi in cui si può conoscere qualcosa, afferma anche di essere in grado di sapere cosa sia tutto. Pochi filosofi oltre a Spinoza