Zeno’s Paradoxes In the fifth century B.C.E., Zeno offered arguments that led to conclusions contradicting what we all know from our physical experience—that runners run, that arrows fly, and that there are many different things in the world. The arguments were paradoxes for the ancient Greek philosophers. Because many of the arguments turn crucially on the notion that space and time are infinitely divisible, Zeno

Giovanni Duns Scoto (1266–1308) Giovanni Duns Scoto, insieme a Bonaventura, D'Aquino, e Ockham, è uno dei quattro grandi filosofi dell'Alta Scolastica. Il suo lavoro ha una portata enciclopedica, eppure così dettagliato e ricco di sfumature che si è guadagnato l'epiteto di "Dottore sottile".,” e un pensatore niente meno che Ockham elogerebbe il suo giudizio definendolo superiore a tutti gli altri nella sua sottigliezza. In opposizione al pensiero prevalente

Sayyid Qutb (1906—1966) Sayyid Qutb was one of the leading Islamist ideological thinkers of the twentieth century. Living and working in Egypt, he turned to Islamism in his early forties after about two decades as a secular educator and literary writer. As an Islamist, he held that all aspects of society should be conducted according to the Shari’a, questo è, laws of God as derived

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749—1832) Goethe defies most labels, and in the case of the label ‘philosopher’ he did so intentionally. “The scholastic philosophy,” in his opinion, “had, by the frequent darkness and apparent uselessness of its subject- questione, by its unseasonable application of a method in itself respectable, and by its too great extension over so many subjects, made itself foreign to the mass,

Al-Shahrastānī (d. 1153 C.E.) Al-Shahrastānī (d. A.H. 548 / C.E. 1153) was an influential historian of religions and a heresiographer. He was one of the pioneers in developing a scientific approach to the study of religions. Al-Shahrastānī’ distinguished himself by his desire to describe in the most objective way the universal religious history of humanity. He was wrongly recognized as an “Ash‘arite” theologian; this is why