Margaret Cavendish (1623-1673) Margaret Lucas Cavendish, the Duchess of Newcastle, was a philosopher, poeta, playwright and essayist. Her philosophical writings were concerned mostly with issues of metaphysics and natural philosophy, but also extended to social and political concerns. Like Hobbes and Descartes, she rejected what she took to be the occult explanations of the Scholastics. Against Descartes, Tuttavia, she rejected dualism and incorporeal substance of

Divine Immutability Divine immutability, the claim that God is immutable, is a central part of traditional Christianity, though it has come under sustained attack in the last two hundred years. This article first catalogues the historical precedent for and against this claim, then discusses different answers to the question, “What is it to be immutable?” Two definitions of divine immutability receive careful attention. The first is

Emmanuel Kant: Logic For Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), formal logic is one of three paradigms for the methodology of science, along with mathematics and modern-age physics. Formal logic owes this role to its stability and relatively finished state, which Kant claims it has possessed since Aristotle. Kant’s key contribution lies in his focus on the formal and systematic character of logic as a “strongly proven” (apodictic) doctrine.

Zhou Dunyi (Chou Tun-i, 1017-1073) Zhou Dunyi (sometimes romanized as Chou Tun-i and also known by his posthumous name, Zhou Lianxi) has long been highly esteemed by Chinese thinkers. He is considered one of the first “Neo-Confucians,” a group of thinkers who draw heavily on Buddhist and Daoist metaphysics to articulate a comprehensive, Confucian religious philosophy. This article begins with a brief look at Zhou’s

Invio di un articolo per la pubblicazione L'Enciclopedia Internet della Filosofia incoraggia i professori di filosofia con dottorato di ricerca a inviare un'e-mail ai redattori generali o a un redattore di area specifico con un'offerta per inviare un articolo. Articles should have a length of 6,000 to 15,000 parole salvo casi particolari preventivamente approvati dai redattori generali. Please consult our lists of the 100 most desired articles, Nostro

Epistemic Consequentialism Consequentialism is the view that, in un certo senso, rightness is to be understood in terms of conduciveness to goodness. Much of the philosophical discussion concerning consequentialism has focused on moral rightness or obligation or normativity. But there is plausibly also epistemic rightness, epistemic obligation, and epistemic normativity. Epistemic rightness is often denoted with talk of justification, razionalità, or by merely indicating what should