Rappresentazione scientifica Per molti filosofi, la nostra scienza è destinata a rappresentare la realtà. Per esempio, alcuni filosofi della scienza direbbero che la teoria della gravità di Newton utilizza i termini teorici “centro di massa” e “forza gravitazionale” per rappresentare come si comporta un sistema solare di pianeti: le posizioni e le velocità mutevoli dei pianeti ma non i loro cambiamenti di colore.. Tuttavia, è molto difficile dare un

Mathematical Structuralism The theme of mathematical structuralism is that what matters to a mathematical theory is not the internal nature of its objects, such as its numbers, funzioni, insiemi, or points, but how those objects relate to each other. In un senso, the thesis is that mathematical objects (if there are such objects) simply have no intrinsic nature. The structuralist theme grew most notably from

Cyrenaics The Cyrenaics are one of the minor Socratic schools. The school was founded by Aristippus, a follower of Socrates. The Cyrenaics are notable mainly for their empiricist and skeptical epistemology and their sensualist hedonism. They believe that we can have certain knowledge of our immediate states of perceptual awareness, Per esempio, that I am seeing white now. Tuttavia, we cannot go beyond these experiences

Truthmaker Theory Truthmaker theory is the branch of metaphysics that explores the relationships between what is true and what exists. Discussions of truthmakers and truthmaking typically start with the idea that truth depends on being, and not vice versa. Per esempio, if the sentence ‘Kangaroos live in Australia’ is true, then there are kangaroos living in Australia. And if there are kangaroos living in Australia,

Benedetto di Spinoza: Political Philosophy The body of Benedict de Spinoza’s writings on political philosophy in the 17th century should be seen as a paradigmatic species of European Enlightenment Philosophy. Spinoza rejected the teleological account of human nature and its implications to political societies in favor of rational, scientific understanding with its contractual implications. Quindi, political societies to Spinoza are not natural organisms but artificial