Thomas Reid: Theory of Action Thomas Reid (1710-1796) made important contributions to the fields of epistemology and philosophy of mind, and is often regarded as the founder of the common sense school of philosophy. Tuttavia, he also offered key arguments and observations concerning human agency and morality. Reid carefully criticized the views of his contemporaries, and defended an account of human freedom in which he argues that

Dio e il tempo Qualsiasi visione teistica del mondo include una certa nozione di come Dio è correlato alle strutture dell'universo, compreso spazio e tempo. La questione del rapporto di Dio con il tempo ha generato una grande quantità di riflessione teologica e filosofica. La visione tradizionale è stata che Dio è senza tempo, nel senso che è del tutto fuori dal tempo; questo è, lui esiste

Mathematical Structuralism The theme of mathematical structuralism is that what matters to a mathematical theory is not the internal nature of its objects, such as its numbers, funzioni, insiemi, or points, but how those objects relate to each other. In un senso, the thesis is that mathematical objects (if there are such objects) simply have no intrinsic nature. The structuralist theme grew most notably from

Giovanni Anderson (1893-1962) Il filosofo scozzese-australiano John Anderson era un appassionato difensore di una filosofia tipicamente descritta come Realismo. Anderson esercitò un'influenza significativa e duratura su diverse generazioni di studenti, compresi filosofi successivi come John Passmore, J.L.. Mackie, e D.M. Armstrong. Questi studenti hanno criticato e sviluppato diverse caratteristiche chiave della filosofia di Anderson, come la difesa di una teoria del bene oggettivo, IL

Constructivism in Metaethics It is difficult to provide an uncontroversial statement of constructivism in metaethics, since the terms of this doctrine are themselves the focus of philosophical debate. Tuttavia, this view is now perhaps most commonly understood as a metaphysical thesis concerning how we are to understand the nature of normative facts–that is, facts about what we ought to do. Most broadly, it is the

Justus Lipsius (1547—1606) Justus Lipsius, a Belgian classical philologist and Humanist, wrote a series of works designed to revive ancient Stoicism in a form that would be compatible with Christianity. The most famous of these is De Constantia (‘On Constancy’) in which he advocated a Stoic-inspired ideal of constancy in the face of unpleasant external events, but also carefully distinguished those parts of Stoic philosophy