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David Hume: Causation David Hume (1711-1776) is one of the British Empiricists of the Early Modern period, along with John Locke and George Berkeley. Although the three advocate similar empirical standards for knowledge, questo è, that there are no innate ideas and that all knowledge comes from experience, Hume is known for applying this standard rigorously to causation and necessity. Instead of taking the notion
Slavoj Žižek (1949 —) Slavoj Žižek is a Slovenian-born political philosopher and cultural critic. He was described by British literary theorist, Terry Eagleton, as the “most formidably brilliant” recent theorist to have emerged from Continental Europe. Žižek’s work is infamously idiosyncratic. It features striking dialectical reversals of received common sense; a ubiquitous sense of humor; a patented disrespect towards the modern distinction between high and
Higher-Order Theories of Consciousness The most fundamental and commonly used notion of the term ‘conscious’ in philosophical circles is captured by Thomas Nagel’s famous “what it is like” sense (Nagel 1974). Quando sono in uno stato mentale cosciente, c'è "qualcosa come" per me essere in quello stato dal punto di vista soggettivo o in prima persona. When I smell a rose
Francisco Suárez (1548—1617) Sometimes called the “Eminent Doctor” after Paul V’s designation of him as doctor eximius et pius, Francisco Suárez was the leading theological and philosophical light of Spain’s Golden Age, alongside such cultural icons as Miguel de Cervantes, Tomás Luis de Victoria, and El Greco. Although initially rejected on grounds of deficient health and intelligence when he attempted to join the rapidly growing
Miracoli Il termine “miracolo” è usato in modo molto ampio nel linguaggio comune. Una rapida rassegna delle notizie può far emergere notizie come quella di un “Miracolo di Natale”.,” grazie al quale la costa del golfo del Texas venne ricoperta di neve da una rara tempesta. Parliamo di farmaci miracolosi, o di bambini miracolosi, e anche alcuni prodotti per la casa pretendono di essere miracolosi. Discussione filosofica
Frege’s Problem: Referential Opacity The problem of referential opacity is to explain why a certain inference rule of classical logic sometimes produces invalid-seeming inferences when applied to ascriptions of mental states. The rule concerns substitution of terms for the same object, and here is one of the controversial examples. It involves the mental states of Lois Lane, who believes that Superman can fly. Tuttavia, Lei