Evidence The concept of evidence is crucial to epistemology and the philosophy of science. Nell'epistemologia, evidence is often taken to be relevant to justified belief, where the latter, a sua volta, is typically thought to be necessary for knowledge. Discutibilmente, Poi, an understanding of evidence is vital for appreciating the two dominant objects of epistemological concern, vale a dire, knowledge and justified belief. In the philosophy of

Umorismo Lo studio filosofico dell'umorismo si è concentrato sullo sviluppo di una definizione soddisfacente di umorismo, che fino a poco tempo fa veniva trattato grosso modo come equivalente alla risata. Il compito principale è sviluppare una teoria adeguata su cosa sia l'umorismo. Secondo l'analisi standard, Le teorie dell’umorismo possono essere classificate in tre gruppi chiaramente identificabili:incongruenza, superiorità, e teorie del sollievo. La teoria dell'incongruenza lo è

Crisippo (c. 280-207 a.E.V.) Chrysippus was among the most influential philosophers of the Hellenistic period. He is usually thought of as the most important influence on Stoicism. A later Stoic catchphrase ran, “If Chrysippus had not existed, neither would the Stoa.” (Lives 292). Polpette, the fourth Chair of the New Academy, modified the phrase to, “If Chrysippus had not existed, neither would I.” (Lives 438)

Aesthetics Aesthetics may be defined narrowly as the theory of beauty, or more broadly as that together with the philosophy of art. The traditional interest in beauty itself broadened, in the eighteenth century, to include the sublime, and since 1950 or so the number of pure aesthetic concepts discussed in the literature has expanded even more. Tradizionalmente, the philosophy of art concentrated on its definition,

Emmanuel Kant: Transcendental Idealism Transcendental idealism is one of the most important sets of claims defended by Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), in the Critique of Pure Reason. According to this famous doctrine, we must distinguish between appearances and things in themselves, questo è, between that which is mind-dependent and that which is not. In Kant’s view, human cognition is limited to objects that somehow depend on our

Antoine Arnauld (1612—1694) Antoine Arnauld was considered by his peers as one of the preeminent 17th century European intellectuals. Arnauld had been remembered primarily as a correspondent of René Descartes, Gottfried Leibniz and Nicolas Malebranche, and as a dogmatic and uncritical Cartesian who made few if any philosophical contributions. Infatti, as much newer research suggests, Arnauld was not a dogmatic and uncritical Cartesian, e