Mulino John Stuart (1806—1873) Mulino John Stuart (1806-1873) profoundly influenced the shape of nineteenth century British thought and political discourse. His substantial corpus of works includes texts in logic, epistemologia, economics, social and political philosophy, etica, metafisica, religione, and current affairs. Among his most well-known and significant are A System of Logic, Principles of Political Economy, Sulla Libertà, Utilitarianism, The Subjection of Women, Three Essays

Lambda Calculi Lambda calculi (λ-calculi) are formal systems describing functions and function application. One of them, the untyped version, is often referred to as the λ-calculus. This exposition will adopt this convention. At its core, the λ-calculus is a formal language with certain reduction rules intended to capture the notion of function application [Chiesa, 1932, P. 352]. Through the primitive notion of function application, IL

Aristotele: Ethics Standard interpretations of Aristotle’s Nichomachean Ethics usually maintain that Aristotle (384-322 a.E.V.) emphasizes the role of habit in conduct. It is commonly thought that virtues, according to Aristotle, are habits and that the good life is a life of mindless routine. These interpretations of Aristotle’s ethics are the result of imprecise translations from the ancient Greek text. Aristotle uses the word hexis to denote moral virtue.

Relativismo Talvolta viene identificato il relativismo (solitamente dai suoi critici) come tesi secondo cui tutti i punti di vista sono ugualmente validi. Nell'etica, ciò equivale a dire che tutte le morali sono ugualmente buone; in epistemologia implica che tutte le credenze, o sistemi di credenze, sono ugualmente vere. I critici del relativismo in genere respingono tali visioni come incoerenti poiché implicano la validità anche dell’idea secondo cui il relativismo

I nuovi atei I nuovi atei sono autori di libri dell'inizio del XXI secolo che promuovono l'ateismo. Questi autori includono Sam Harris, Richard Dawkins, Daniele Dennett, e Christopher Hitchens. L’etichetta di “Nuovo Ateo” per questi critici della religione e del credo religioso è emersa dai commenti giornalistici sui contenuti e sull’impatto dei loro libri. Un'osservazione standard è che gli autori nuovi atei mostrano un livello insolitamente alto di

Theories of Religious Diversity Religious diversity is the fact that there are significant differences in religious belief and practice. It has always been recognized by people outside the smallest and most isolated communities. But since early modern times, increasing information from travel, publishing, and emigration have forced thoughtful people to reflect more deeply on religious diversity. All'incirca, pluralistic approaches to religious diversity say that, entro