Epistemology Epistemology is the study of knowledge. Epistemologists concern themselves with a number of tasks, which we might sort into two categories. Primo, we must determine the nature of knowledge; questo è, what does it mean to say that someone knows, or fails to know, qualcosa? This is a matter of understanding what knowledge is, and how to distinguish between cases in which someone knows

Gustav Shpet (1879—1937) Shpet, a professor of philosophy at the University of Moscow, introduced Husserlian transcendental phenomenology into Russia. Inoltre, he wrote extensively on aesthetics, hermeneutics, the history of Russian philosophy and the philosophy of language. During the Stalinist years in Russia he was condemned as being an idealist in philosophy and a counter-revolutionary in politics. The depth and breadth of his numerous studies stand

Bernard Mandeville (1670—1733) Bernard Mandeville is primarily remembered for his impact on discussions of morality and economic theory in the early eighteenth century. His most noteworthy and notorious work is The Fable of the Bees, which triggered immense public criticism at the time. He had a particular influence on philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, most notably Francis Hutcheson, David Hume, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Adam Smith.

Transmission and Transmission Failure in Epistemology An argument transmits justification to its conclusion just in case, all'incirca, the conclusion is justified in virtue of the premises’ being justified. An argument fails to transmit justification just in case, all'incirca, the conclusion is not justified in virtue of the premises’ being justified. An argument might fail to transmit justification for a variety of uncontroversial reasons, ad esempio

Contestualismo in epistemologia In termini molto generali, Il contestualismo epistemologico sostiene che la conoscenza sia in qualche modo relativa al contesto. Alcune caratteristiche dei contesti – caratteristiche come le intenzioni e i presupposti dei membri di un contesto conversazionale – modellano gli standard che si devono soddisfare affinché le proprie convinzioni possano contare come conoscenza. Ciò consente la possibilità che contesti diversi fissino standard epistemici diversi, e contestualisti