James Frederick Ferrier (1808—1864) James Frederick Ferrier was a mid-nineteenth-century Scottish metaphysician who developed the first post-Hegelian system of idealism in Britain. Unlike the British Idealists in the latter half of the nineteenth century, he was neither a Kantian nor a Hegelian. Invece, he largely develops his idealist metaphysics via his defense of Berkeley and through his rejection of Thomas Reid’s philosophy of common sense.

Evidence The concept of evidence is crucial to epistemology and the philosophy of science. Nell'epistemologia, evidence is often taken to be relevant to justified belief, where the latter, a sua volta, is typically thought to be necessary for knowledge. Discutibilmente, Poi, an understanding of evidence is vital for appreciating the two dominant objects of epistemological concern, vale a dire, knowledge and justified belief. In the philosophy of

Argomentazioni progettuali a favore dell'esistenza di Dio Le argomentazioni progettuali sono argomentazioni empiriche a favore dell'esistenza di Dio. Questi argomenti in genere, anche se non sempre, procedere tentando di identificare varie caratteristiche empiriche del mondo che costituiscono la prova di un disegno intelligente e deducendo l’esistenza di Dio come la migliore spiegazione per queste caratteristiche. Poiché i concetti di design e scopo sono strettamente correlati, anche gli argomenti relativi al design

Continental Rationalism Continental rationalism is a retrospective category used to group together certain philosophers working in continental Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, in particolare, Cartesio, Spinozza, and Leibniz, especially as they can be regarded in contrast with representatives of “British empiricism,” most notably, Locke, Berkley, and Hume. Whereas the British empiricists held that all knowledge has its origin in, and is limited by,

Il problema del criterio Il problema del criterio è considerato da molti un problema fondamentale dell'epistemologia. Infatti, Chisholm (1973, 1) afferma che il problema del criterio è “uno dei più importanti e più difficili di tutti i problemi della filosofia”. Una forma popolare del problema del criterio può essere sollevata chiedendo

Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) Although not the first to coin the term, it is uncontroversial to suggest that the German philosopher, Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), is the “father” of the philosophical movement known as phenomenology. Phenomenology can be roughly described as the sustained attempt to describe experiences (and the “things themselves”) without metaphysical and theoretical speculations. Husserl suggested that only by suspending or bracketing away the “natural