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F. H. Bradley: Logic Although the logical system expounded by F. H. Bradley in The Principles of Logic (1883) is now almost forgotten, it had many virtues. To appreciate them, it is helpful to understand that Bradley had a very different view of logic from that prevalent today. He is hostile to the idea of a purely formal logic. Oggi, deductive logic is largely restricted
La teoria computazionale della mente La teoria computazionale della mente (marchio comunitario) sostiene che la mente è un computer, quindi la teoria è anche conosciuta come computazionalismo. Si ritiene generalmente che il marchio comunitario sia la principale ipotesi di lavoro delle scienze cognitive. Il marchio comunitario è spesso inteso come una variante specifica della teoria rappresentazionale della mente (RTM), che sostiene che la cognizione è manipolazione della rappresentazione. Il massimo
Ikhwan al-Safa’ Ikhwan al-Safa’ (i Fratelli della Purezza) sono gli autori del Rasā’il al-Ikhwān al-safā’ (Trattati dei Fratelli della Purezza), un'enciclopedia islamica composta da cinquantadue trattati e un ulteriore trattato completo (Risalat al-jami'a) sulle varie scienze filosofiche interpretate dagli studiosi Ismā‘īlī Shī‘ī. Copre la matematica, naturale, psicologico/razionale, e scienze teologiche e fu scritto nel X o XI secolo E.V. IL
Natural Deduction Natural Deduction (ND) is a common name for the class of proof systems composed of simple and self-evident inference rules based upon methods of proof and traditional ways of reasoning that have been applied since antiquity in deductive practice. The first formal ND systems were independently constructed in the 1930s by G. Gentzen and S. Jaśkowski and proposed as an alternative to Hilbert-style axiomatic systems. Gentzen introduced a
The Aim of Belief It is often said that belief has an aim. This aim has been traditionally identified with truth and, since the late 1990s, with knowledge. With this claim, philosophers designate a feature of belief according to which believing a proposition carries with it some sort of commitment or teleological directedness toward the truth (or knowledge) of that proposition. This feature is taken
Socrate (469—399 B.C.E.) Socrates is one of the few individuals whom one could say has so-shaped the cultural and intellectual development of the world that, without him, history would be profoundly different. He is best known for his association with the Socratic method of question and answer, his claim that he was ignorant (or aware of his own absence of knowledge), and his claim that the