Theodor Adorno (1903—1969) Theodor Adorno was one of the foremost continental philosophers of the twentieth century. Although he wrote on a wide range of subjects, his fundamental concern was human suffering—especially modern societies’ effects upon the human condition. He was influenced most notably by Hegel, Marx, and Nietzsche. He was associated with The Institute for Social Research, in the Frankfurt School, which was a social science

Avicenna (Ibn Sina): Logica Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (c. 980-1037 d.C., o 375-428 dell'Egira) è uno dei filosofi e logici più importanti del mondo arabo. Le sue opere logiche sono presentate in diversi trattati. Alcuni di essi sono commenti all’Organon di Aristotele, e sono presentati in al-Shifa al-Mantiq, la parte logica del Libro Enciclopedico al-Shifa (La cura), che contiene anche a

Intentionality If I think about a piano, something in my thought picks out a piano. If I talk about cigars, something in my speech refers to cigars. This feature of thoughts and words, whereby they pick out, refer to, or are about things, is intentionality. In a word, intentionality is aboutness. Many mental states exhibit intentionality. If I believe that the weather is rainy today,

Aztec Philosophy Conquest-era Aztecs conceived philosophy in essentially pragmatic terms. The raison d’etre of philosophical inquiry was to provide humans with practicable answers to what Aztecs identified as the defining question of human existence: How can we maintain our balance while walking upon the slippery earth? Aztec philosophers addressed this question against an assumed metaphysics which held that the cosmos and its human inhabitants are

Roderick M. Chisholm: Epistemology Roderick M. Chisholm, a luminary of 20th century philosophy, is best known for his contributions in epistemology and metaphysics. His groundbreaking theory of knowledge opened the door to the late 20th and early 21st century work on the analysis of knowledge, skepticism, foundationalism, internalism, the ethics of beliefs, and evidentialism, to name just a few topics. Chisholm’s analysis of knowledge was

Relativismo morale Il relativismo morale è la visione secondo cui i giudizi morali sono veri o falsi solo rispetto ad alcuni punti di vista particolari (per esempio, quello di una cultura o di un periodo storico) e che nessun punto di vista è privilegiato rispetto a tutti gli altri. È stato spesso associato ad altre affermazioni sulla moralità: in particolare, la tesi secondo cui culture diverse spesso esibiscono valori morali radicalmente diversi; il negarlo