George Herbert Mead (1863—1931) George Herbert Mead is a major figure in the history of American philosophy, one of the founders of Pragmatism along with Peirce, Giacomo, Tufts, and Dewey. He published numerous papers during his lifetime and, following his death, several of his students produced four books in his name from Mead’s unpublished (and even unfinished) notes and manuscripts, from students’ notes, and from

Rudolf Carnap: Modal Logic In two works, a paper in The Journal of Symbolic Logic in 1946 and the book Meaning and Necessity in 1947, Rudolf Carnap developed a modal predicate logic containing a necessity operator N, whose semantics depends on the claim that, where α is a formula of the language, Nα represents the proposition that α is logically necessary. Carnap’s view was that Nα should

Carl Gustav Hempel (1905—1997) Carl Hempel, un filosofo di origine tedesca immigrato negli Stati Uniti, è stato uno dei più importanti filosofi della scienza del XX secolo. Il suo paradosso dei corvi, come illustrazione dei paradossi della conferma, è stato una sfida costante per le teorie della conferma.. Insieme a Paul Oppenheim, ha proposto un resoconto quantitativo dei gradi di conferma delle ipotesi mediante prove. Il suo

John Langshaw Austin (1911-1960) J. l. Austin fu uno dei filosofi britannici più influenti del suo tempo, grazie al suo pensiero rigoroso, personalità straordinaria, e metodo filosofico innovativo. Secondo John Searle, era allo stesso tempo appassionatamente amato e odiato dai suoi contemporanei. Come Socrate, sembrava distruggere tutta l'ortodossia filosofica senza presentare un'alternativa, altrettanto confortante, ortodossia. Austin è meglio conosciuto per due

Metaethics Metaethics is a branch of analytic philosophy that explores the status, foundations, and scope of moral values, proprietà, and words. Whereas the fields of applied ethics and normative theory focus on what is moral, metaethics focuses on what morality itself is. Just as two people may disagree about the ethics of, Per esempio, physician-assisted suicide, while nonetheless agreeing at the more abstract level of

Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) The American author Henry David Thoreau is best known for his magnum opus Walden, or Life in the Woods (1854); second to this in popularity is his essay, “Resistance to Civil Government” (1849), which was later republished posthumously as “Civil Disobedience” (1866). His fame largely rests on his role as a literary figure exploring the wilds of the natural world, non