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Scientific Change How do scientific theories, concepts and methods change over time? Answers to this question have historical parts and philosophical parts. There can be descriptive accounts of the recorded differences over time of particular theories, concetti, and methods—what might be called the shape of scientific change. Many stories of scientific change attempt to give more than statements of what, where and when change took
Internalism and Externalism in the Philosophy of Mind and Language This article addresses how our beliefs, our intentions, and other contents of our attitudes are individuated, questo è, what makes those contents what they are. Content externalism (henceforth externalism) is the position that our contents depend in a constitutive manner on items in the external world, that they can be individuated by our causal interaction
Sopravvenienza e determinazione Il termine “sopravvenienza” ha guadagnato importanza nel ventesimo secolo quando è stato suggerito che le proprietà morali sopravvengono alle proprietà naturali e che le nostre caratteristiche mentali sopravvengono alle nostre caratteristiche fisiche come le proprietà del nostro sistema nervoso.. Il termine può essere definito come segue. Per due insiemi di proprietà, UN (l'insieme sopravveniente) e B (l’insieme subveniente o base di sopravvenienza),
Philosophy of History History is the study of the past in all its forms. Philosophy of history examines the theoretical foundations of the practice, application, and social consequences of history and historiography. It is similar to other area studies – such as philosophy of science or philosophy of religion – in two respects. Primo, philosophy of history utilizes the best theories in the core areas
Emmanuel Kant: Metaphysics Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is one of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. His contributions to metaphysics, epistemologia, etica, and aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movement that followed him. This article focuses on his metaphysics and epistemology in one of his most important works, The Critique of Pure Reason. A large part of Kant’s
Social Contract Theory Social contract theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons’ moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement among them to form the society in which they live. Socrates uses something quite like a social contract argument to explain to Crito why he must remain in prison and accept the death penalty. Tuttavia, social contract