Defeaters in Epistemology The concept of epistemic defeat or defeasibility has come to occupy an important place in contemporary epistemology, especially in relation to the closely allied concepts of justified belief, warrant, e conoscenza. These allied concepts signify positive epistemic appraisal or positive epistemic status. As a first approximation, defeasibility refers to a belief’s liability to lose some positive epistemic status, or to having this

Tu Weiming (1940—) Tu Weiming (pinyin: Du Weiming) è uno dei pensatori confuciani cinesi più famosi del XX e XXI secolo. Come membro di spicco della terza generazione di “Nuovi Confuciani,” Tu stressed the significance of religiosity within Confucianism. Inspired by his teacher Mou Zongsan as well as his decades of study and teaching at Princeton University, the University of California, e

Justus Lipsius (1547—1606) Justus Lipsius, a Belgian classical philologist and Humanist, wrote a series of works designed to revive ancient Stoicism in a form that would be compatible with Christianity. The most famous of these is De Constantia (‘On Constancy’) in which he advocated a Stoic-inspired ideal of constancy in the face of unpleasant external events, but also carefully distinguished those parts of Stoic philosophy

Bertrand Russell: Metaphysics Metaphysics is not a school or tradition but rather a sub-discipline within philosophy, as are ethics, logic and epistemology. Like many philosophical terms, “metaphysics” can be understood in a variety of ways, so any discussion of Bertrand Russell’s metaphysics must select from among the various possible ways of understanding the notion, Per esempio, as the study of being qua being, the study

Charles Sanders Peirce: Logic Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) was an accomplished scientist, philosopher, and mathematician, who considered himself primarily a logician. His contributions to the development of modern logic at the turn of the 20th century were colossal, original and influential. Formal, or deductive, logic was just one of the branches in which he exercized his logical and analytical talent. His work developed upon Boole’s

Pacifismo Il pacifismo è la teoria secondo cui i rapporti umani dovrebbero essere regolati da relazioni pacifiche piuttosto che violente o bellicose e che l'arbitrato, resa, o la migrazione dovrebbe essere utilizzata per risolvere le controversie. Il pacifismo è un elemento del pensiero occidentale tanto quanto lo è la nozione di teoria della guerra giusta, l'argomento secondo cui lo Stato può legittimamente o moralmente detenere armi. Mentre la maggior parte delle persone accetta la necessità della guerra,