Doxastic Conservatism We are creatures with clear cognitive limitations. Our memories are finite and there is a limit to the kinds of things we can store and retrieve. We cannot, Per esempio, remember the justification or evidence for many of our beliefs. Inoltre, in response to our limited cognitive resources, we generally tend to maintain our beliefs and are reluctant to change them. A clear

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749—1832) Goethe defies most labels, and in the case of the label ‘philosopher’ he did so intentionally. “The scholastic philosophy,” in his opinion, “had, by the frequent darkness and apparent uselessness of its subject- questione, by its unseasonable application of a method in itself respectable, and by its too great extension over so many subjects, made itself foreign to the mass,

Persistence in Time No person ever steps into the same river twice—or so goes the Heraclitean maxim. Obscure as it is, the maxim is often taken to express two ideas. The first is that everything always changes, and nothing remains perfectly similar to how it was just one instant before. The second is that nothing survives this constant flux of change. Where there appears to

Gottfried Leibniz: Causa Le opinioni di Leibniz (1646-1716) sulla causalità deve essere tra le più interessanti nella storia della filosofia, poiché ha costantemente negato che esista una genuina interazione causale tra sostanze finite. Eppure da un'altra prospettiva, ha cercato di integrare sia le vecchie che le nuove tassonomie causali: Da un lato, Leibniz propose una teoria della causalità che potesse adattarsi

Act and Rule Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is one of the best known and most influential moral theories. Like other forms of consequentialism, its core idea is that whether actions are morally right or wrong depends on their effects. Più specificamente, the only effects of actions that are relevant are the good and bad results that they produce. A key point in this article concerns the distinction