Charles Sanders Peirce (1839—1914) C.S. Peirce was a scientist and philosopher best known as the earliest proponent of pragmatism. An influential thinker and polymath, Peirce is among the greatest of American minds. His thought was a seminal influence upon William James, his life long friend, and upon John Dewey, his one-time student. James and Dewey went on to popularize pragmatism thereby achieving what Peirce’s inability

Martin Luther (1483—1546) German theologian, professor, pastor, and church reformer. Luther began the Protestant Reformation with the publication of his Ninety-Five Theses on October 31, 1517. In this publication, he attacked the Church’s sale of indulgences. He advocated a theology that rested on God’s gracious activity in Jesus Christ, rather than in human works. Nearly all Protestants trace their history back to Luther in one

Giordano Bruno (1548—1600) Giordano Bruno was an Italian philosopher of the later Renaissance whose writings encompassed the ongoing traditions, intenzioni, and achievements of his times and transmitted them into early modernity. Taking up the medieval practice of the art of memory and of formal logic, he focused on the creativity of the human mind. Bruno criticized and transformed a traditional Aristotelian theory of nature and

Divine Hiddenness Argument against God’s Existence The “Argument from Divine Hiddenness” or the “Hiddenness Argument” refers to a family of arguments for atheism. Broadly speaking, these arguments try to demonstrate that, if God existed, He would (or would likely) make the truth of His existence more obvious to everyone than it is. Since the truth of God’s existence is not as obvious to everyone as

Epistemologia riformata L'epistemologia riformata è una tesi sulla razionalità della credenza religiosa. Un’affermazione centrale avanzata dall’epistemologo riformato è che la fede religiosa può essere razionale senza alcun appello a prove o argomentazioni. Ci sono, in generale, due modi in cui gli epistemologi riformati sostengono questa affermazione. Il primo è sostenere che non esiste un modo per formulare con successo l'accusa di credo religioso

Michael Dummett (1925—2011) Michael Dummett was one of the most influential British philosophers of his generation. His philosophical reputation is based partly on his studies of the history of analytical philosophy and partly on his own contributions to the philosophical study of logic, lingua, mathematics and metaphysics. The article deals first with the historical work, then with his on-going project, concluding with a brief discussion