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Continental Rationalism Continental rationalism is a retrospective category used to group together certain philosophers working in continental Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries, in particolare, Cartesio, Spinozza, and Leibniz, especially as they can be…
The Phenomenological Reduction There is an experience in which it is possible for us to come to the world with no knowledge or preconceptions in hand; it is the experience of astonishment. The “knowing” we…
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868—1963) W. E. B. Du Bois was an important American thinker: a poet, philosopher, economic historian, sociologist, and social critic. His work resists easy classification. This article focuses exclusively on…
Philosophy of Mental Illness The Philosophy of Mental Illness is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines views and methods from the philosophy of mind, psychology, neuroscience, and moral philosophy in order to analyze the…
Rappresentazione scientifica Per molti filosofi, la nostra scienza è destinata a rappresentare la realtà. Per esempio, some philosophers of science would say Newton’s theory of gravity uses the theoretical terms ‘center of mass’ and ‘gravitational force’ in…
Lambda Calculi Lambda calculi (λ-calculi) are formal systems describing functions and function application. One of them, the untyped version, is often referred to as the λ-calculus. This exposition will adopt this convention. At its core,…
Il terzo conte di Shaftesbury (1671-1713) Anthony Ashley Cooper, il terzo conte di Shaftesbury (1671-1713) fu un filosofo inglese che influenzò profondamente il pensiero britannico del XVIII secolo, Francia, e Germania. As a part of an…
Stoicism Stoicism originated as a Hellenistic philosophy, founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium (modern day Cyprus), c. 300 B.C.E. It was influenced by Socrates and the Cynics, and it engaged in vigorous debates with…
Realismo morale Il realista morale sostiene che esistono fatti morali, quindi il realismo morale è una tesi in ontologia, lo studio di ciò che è. The ontological category “moral facts” includes both the descriptive moral judgment…
Argomentazioni progettuali a favore dell'esistenza di Dio Le argomentazioni progettuali sono argomentazioni empiriche a favore dell'esistenza di Dio. Questi argomenti in genere, anche se non sempre, proceed by attempting to identify various empirical features of the world that…