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Teoria dell'informazione integrata della coscienza Teoria dell'informazione integrata (IIT) offre una spiegazione per la natura e la fonte della coscienza. Proposto inizialmente da Giulio Tononi nel 2004, it claims that consciousness is identical to a certain…
Tommaso d'Aquino: Moral Philosophy The moral philosophy of St. Tommaso d'Aquino (1225-1274) involves a merger of at least two apparently disparate traditions: Aristotelian eudaimonism and Christian theology. Da un lato, Aquinas follows Aristotle in thinking…
The Lucas-Penrose Argument about Gödel’s Theorem In 1961, J.R. Lucas published “Minds, Machines and Gödel,” in which he formulated a controversial anti-mechanism argument. The argument claims that Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem shows that the human mind…
Edmund Husserl (1859-1938) Although not the first to coin the term, it is uncontroversial to suggest that the German philosopher, Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), is the “father” of the philosophical movement known as phenomenology. Phenomenology can…
Reductio ad Absurdum Reductio ad absurdum è una modalità di argomentazione che cerca di stabilire una contesa facendo derivare un'assurdità dalla sua negazione, thus arguing that a thesis must be accepted because its rejection…
Jeanne-Françoise Frémyot, Baronne de Chantal (1572—1641) Canonized a Catholic saint in 1767, Jeanne de Chantal (Jane of Chantal) has rarely been the object of philosophical analysis. Fino a poco tempo fa, her influence has largely confined itself to…
Anaxarchus (c. 380—c. 320 B.C.E.) As a follower of Democritus, Anaxarchus developed the skeptical tendencies within Democritus’ thought. Although our information on him is extremely sketchy, he is a pivotal figure connecting the atomism of…
Thrasymachus (fl. 427 B.C.E.) Thrasymachus of Chalcedon is one of several “older sophists” (including Antiphon, Critias, Hippias, Gorgias, e Protagora) who became famous in Athens during the fifth century B.C.E. We know that Thrasymachus was…
Lucio Annaeo Seneca (c. 4 a.E.V.—65 E.V.) L'antico filosofo romano Seneca era uno stoico che adottò e argomentò in gran parte all'interno della struttura ereditata dai suoi predecessori stoici. His Letters to Lucilius have…
Platone: Meno Plato’s Meno introduces aspects of Socratic ethics and Platonic epistemology in a fictional dialogue that is set among important political events and cultural concerns in the last years of Socrates’ life. It begins…