Charles Hartshorne: Biography and Psychology of Sensation Charles Hartshorne is widely regarded as having been an important figure in twentieth century metaphysics and philosophy of religion. His contributions are wide-ranging. He championed the aspirations of metaphysics when it was unfashionable, and the metaphysic he championed helped change some of the fashions of philosophy. He counted some well-known scientists among his friends, and he embraced the

Parmenides von Elea (Ende des 6. Jahrhunderts – Mitte des 5. Jahrhunderts. v. Chr.) Parmenides of Elea was a Presocratic Greek philosopher. As the first philosopher to inquire into the nature of existence itself, he is incontrovertibly credited as the “Father of Metaphysics.” As the first to employ deductive, a priori arguments to justify his claims, he competes with Aristotle for the title “Father of Logic.” He is also commonly

Moral Character At the heart of one major approach to ethics—an approach counting among its proponents Plato, Aristoteles, Augustine and Aquinas—is the conviction that ethics is fundamentally related to what kind of persons we are. Many of Plato’s dialogues, Zum Beispiel, focus on what kind of persons we ought to be and begin with examinations of particular virtues: What is the nature of justice? (Republic)

Wissen durch Bekanntschaft und Wissen durch Beschreibung Unsere eigenen Schmerzerfahrungen sind uns besser bekannt als die biochemische Struktur unseres Gehirns. Einige Philosophen sind der Ansicht, dass dieser Unterschied auf unterschiedliche Arten von Wissen zurückzuführen ist: Wissen durch Bekanntschaft und Wissen durch Beschreibung. Ich kenne meine eigenen Erfahrungen aus erster Hand oder direkt; wohingegen ich nur aus zweiter Hand oder indirekt über mein Gehirn Bescheid weiß

Wilfrid Sellars: Philosophy of Mind The twentieth century philosophy of mind of Wilfrid Sellars (1912 – 1989) retains much from the traditional, Cartesian perspective. It endorses a realm of inner, private episodes of which we may have direct knowledge. Aber, Sellars rejects Cartesian substance dualism and the thesis that mental states are fully knowable simply by introspection. Als Alternative, Sellars conceives of mental states by