Dualität in Logik und Sprache Dualitätsphänomene treten in fast allen mathematisch formalisierten Disziplinen auf, wie Algebra, Geometrie, Logik und Semantik natürlicher Sprache. Aber, Viele dieser Disziplinen verwenden den Begriff „Dualität“ in sehr unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen, und während einige dieser Sinne eng miteinander verbunden sind, andere scheinen völlig unabhängig davon zu sein. Infolgedessen, wenn der Begriff „Dualität“ in zwei verschiedenen Bedeutungen verwendet wird

Autonomy Autonomy is an individual’s capacity for self-determination or self-governance. Beyond that, it is a much-contested concept that comes up in a number of different arenas. Zum Beispiel, there is the folk concept of autonomy, which usually operates as an inchoate desire for freedom in some area of one’s life, and which may or may not be connected with the agent’s idea of the moral

Legal Positivism Legal positivism is a philosophy of law that emphasizes the conventional nature of law—that it is socially constructed. According to legal positivism, law is synonymous with positive norms, das ist, norms made by the legislator or considered as common law or case law. Formal criteria of law’s origin, law enforcement and legal effectiveness are all sufficient for social norms to be considered law.

Plato: Meno Platons „Meno“ stellt Aspekte der sokratischen Ethik und platonischen Erkenntnistheorie in einem fiktiven Dialog vor, der zwischen wichtigen politischen Ereignissen und kulturellen Belangen in den letzten Lebensjahren von Sokrates angesiedelt ist. Es beginnt abrupt, Vorgefertigte Debattenherausforderung von Meno darüber, ob Tugend gelehrt werden kann, und wird schnell zu einer offenen und ergebnislosen Suche nach der Essenz dieser schwer fassbaren „Tugend“.," oder

Anselm: Ontological Argument for God’s Existence One of the most fascinating arguments for the existence of an all-perfect God is the ontological argument. While there are several different versions of the argument, all purport to show that it is self-contradictory to deny that there exists a greatest possible being. So, on this general line of argument, it is a necessary truth that such a being

Surrogate Parenting Surrogate parenting is an arrangement in which one or more persons, typically a married infertile couple (the intended rearing parents), contract with a woman to gestate a child for them and then to relinquish it to them after birth. Surrogate parenting is also sometimes referred to as “contract pregnancy,” in part, so as not to beg the question about who is the child’s