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Miracles The term “miracle” is used very broadly in ordinary language. A quick review of news stories may turn up reports such as that of a “Christmas Miracle,” by which the Texas gulf coast came to be blanketed with snow by a rare storm. We speak of miracle drugs, or of miracle babies, and some household products purport to be miraculous as well. Philosophical discussion
Deductive and Inductive Arguments In philosophy, an argument consists of a set of statements called premises that serve as grounds for affirming another statement called the conclusion. Philosophers typically distinguish arguments in natural languages (such as English) into two fundamentally different types: deductive and inductive. Each type of argument is said to have characteristics that categorically distinguish it from the other type. The two types
William James (1842—1910) William James is considered by many to be the most insightful and stimulating of American philosophers, as well as the second of the three great pragmatists (the middle link between Charles Sanders Peirce and John Dewey). As a professor of psychology and of philosophy at Harvard University, he became the most famous living American psychologist and later the most famous living American
Phenomenological Psychology Phenomenological psychology is the use of the phenomenological method to gain insights regarding topics related to psychology. Though researchers and thinkers throughout the history of philosophy have identified their work as contributing to phenomenological psychology, how people understand phenomenological psychology is a matter of some controversy. Einerseits, in light of contemporary philosophy’s affirmation of qualia as non-reducible, some understand phenomenological
Ikhwan al-Safa’ Ikhwan al-Safa’ (die Brüder der Reinheit) sind die Autoren des Rasā’il al-Ikhwān al-safā’ (Abhandlungen der Brüder der Reinheit), eine islamische Enzyklopädie, bestehend aus zweiundfünfzig Abhandlungen und einer zusätzlichen umfassenden Abhandlung (Risalat al-Jami'a) über verschiedene philosophische Wissenschaften, interpretiert von Ismā‘īlī Shī‘ī-Gelehrten. Es deckt das Mathematische ab, natürlich, psychologisch/rational, und theologischen Wissenschaften und wurde im zehnten oder elften Jahrhundert n. Chr. geschrieben. Der
The Philosophy of Climate Science Climate change is one of the defining challenges of the 21st century. But what is climate change, how do we know about it, and how should we react to it? This article summarizes the main conceptual issues and questions in the foundations of climate science, as well as of the parts of decision theory and economics that have been brought