Desiderius Erasmus (1468?—1536) Desiderius Erasmus was one of the leading activists and thinkers of the European Renaissance. His main activity was to write letters to the leading statesmen, humanists, printers, and theologians of the first three and a half decades of the sixteenth century. Erasmus was an indefatigable correspondent, controversialist, self-publicist, satirist, translator, commentator, Editor, and provocateur of Renaissance culture. He was perhaps above all

Transmission and Transmission Failure in Epistemology An argument transmits justification to its conclusion just in case, grob, the conclusion is justified in virtue of the premises’ being justified. An argument fails to transmit justification just in case, grob, the conclusion is not justified in virtue of the premises’ being justified. An argument might fail to transmit justification for a variety of uncontroversial reasons, wie zum Beispiel

Norman Malcolm (1911–1990) Norman Malcolm was instrumental in elaborating and defending Wittgenstein’s philosophy, which he saw as akin to a kind of “ordinary language” philosophy, in America. He also defended a novel interpretation of Moore’s “common sense philosophy” as a version of ordinary language philosophy, although Moore himself disagreed. Malcolm criticized Descartes’ account of mind by elaborating Wittgenstein’s criticisms of a private language. He produced

Pudgalavada Buddhist Philosophy The Pudgalavāda was a group of five of the Early Schools of Buddhism. The name arises from their adherents’ distinctive doctrine (vāda) concerning the self or person (pudgala). The doctrine holds that the person, in a certain sense, is real. To other Buddhists, their view seemed to contradict a fundamental tenet of Buddhism, the doctrine of non-self. Aber, the Pudgalavādins were convinced

Ikhwan al-Safa’ Ikhwan al-Safa’ (die Brüder der Reinheit) sind die Autoren des Rasā’il al-Ikhwān al-safā’ (Abhandlungen der Brüder der Reinheit), eine islamische Enzyklopädie, bestehend aus zweiundfünfzig Abhandlungen und einer zusätzlichen umfassenden Abhandlung (Risalat al-Jami'a) über verschiedene philosophische Wissenschaften, interpretiert von Ismā‘īlī Shī‘ī-Gelehrten. Es deckt das Mathematische ab, natürlich, psychologisch/rational, und theologischen Wissenschaften und wurde im zehnten oder elften Jahrhundert n. Chr. geschrieben. Der